Hazardous Waste Worker Training Program (HWWTP)

化学品应急反应的危害范围 化学品泄漏在美国每天都在发生，即使在世纪，仍然有太多的工人没有得到有效的培训，以了解意外泄漏和泄漏的风险。2005年美国毒物与疾病登记署关于危险物质紧急事件的报告（附录Q）基于15个州卫生部门的数据，2005年有8，603起事件，每天超过20起，其中6，386起发生在固定设施。有2，034名受害者（85%在固定设施），45%的受害者是雇员或反应人员，这表明需要对可能释放的设施的工人进行充分培训。据报道，这些事件中有50%是由于设备故障造成的。2001年美国毒物和疾病登记署的报告也有类似的统计数据，并报告说，42%的汞是向空气中释放的，这表明中心的工作人员和培训人员需要更好地了解羽流释放的动态和动态。另外40%的事故是由于泄漏造成的，这表明有必要对工人进行培训，以安全有效地应对这些事件， 当局，限制泄漏释放和妥善处置废物。建筑物疏散的频率（2005年为655次）突出表明，需要有安全疏散和工作场所避难所程序。 化学品安全委员会工作人员2005年关于博帕尔灾难的文章指出，系统性问题之一是“无效的工人培训”，这仍然是“许多事故的根本原因”（3;附录C）。 美国毒物与疾病登记署的数据先前已记录在美国化学品安全和危害调查委员会1999年的600 K报告中（4）。1998年美国公共利益研究小组和国家环境法中心的一份报告也得出了类似的结论。虽然他们的数据收集有局限性，但他们增加了关于化学品排放对社区和“脆弱区”的危险的信息 在最坏的情况下。他们得出的结论是，4100万美国人生活在距离设施三英里的范围内，有可能造成严重伤害或死亡，这一令人生畏的数字加强了防止危险材料严重释放的必要性，并在发生时保护工人和公众。

Scope of Hazards of Chemical Emergency Response Chemical spills are a daily occurrence in America and even in the 21st century all too many workers are still not effectively trained to understand the risks of accidental spills and leaks. The 2005 ATSDR report on Hazardous Substance Emergency Events (Appendix Q) based on data from 15 state Health Departments of releases documents that there were 8,603 events in 2005, more than 20 per day, 6,386 were at fixed facilities. There were 2,034 victims (85% at fixed facilities) and 45% of the victims were employees or responders, an indication on the need to adequately train workers at facilities with potential releases. 50% of these incidents were reported to be due to equipment failure. The 2001 ATSDR report had similar statistics and also reported that 42% were releases to the air, an indication of the need for Center staff and trainers to better understand the dynamics of plume releases and dynamics. Another 40% of incidents were from spills, demonstrating the need to train workers to safely and efficientty respond to these events, alert the proper authorities, limit the spill release and properly dispose of waste. The frequency of building evacuations (655 in 2005) underscores the need for safe evacuation and workplace shelter in place procedures. The 2005 article by staff of the Chemical Safety Board on the Bhopal disaster, identifies one of the systemic problems as "ineffective worker training' which remain "underlying causes of many incidents" (3; Appendix C). ATSDR data has been previously documented by the 1999 600K report by the US Chemical Safety and Hazards Investigation Board (4). Similar conclusions were reached by a 1998 US Public Interest Research Group and National Environmental Law Center report (5). Although there are limitations in their data collection, they add information on the danger of chemical releases to communities and the "vulnerable zone" in a worst case scenario. They conclude that 41 million Americans live within three miles of facilities with the potential for serious injury or death, a daunting figure that reinforces the need to prevent serious releases of hazardous materials, and protect workers and the public when they do.