Hazardous Waste Worker Training Program (HWWTP)

化学品应急反应的危害范围 化学品泄漏在美国每天都在发生，即使在21世纪，仍然有太多的工人没有得到有效的培训，无法理解意外泄漏和泄漏的风险。2005年ATSDR关于危险物质紧急事件的报告(附录Q)基于15个州卫生部的数据发布文件显示，2005年发生了8,603起事件，每天20多起，固定设施中有6,386起。有2,034名受害者(固定设施中85%)，45%的受害者是员工或急救员，这表明有必要对可能被释放的设施的工作人员进行充分培训。据报道，其中50%的事故是由于设备故障造成的。2001年ATSDR的报告也有类似的统计数据，还报告了42%是向空中释放的，这表明中心工作人员和培训人员需要更好地了解羽流释放的动态和动态。另有40%的事故是由漏油造成的，这表明需要培训工人安全高效地应对这些事件，提醒适当的 当局，限制泄漏的排放，并妥善处理废物。建筑物疏散的频率(2005年为655次)突显了安全疏散和工作场所避难所程序到位的必要性。 化学安全委员会工作人员2005年发表的关于博帕尔灾难的文章指出，系统性问题之一是“工人培训不力”，仍然是“许多事故的根本原因”(3；附录C)。 ATSDR的数据此前已被美国化学安全和危险调查委员会1999年600K报告所记录(4)。1998年美国公共利益研究小组和国家环境法中心的报告也得出了类似的结论(5)。尽管他们的数据收集有局限性，但他们增加了关于化学品泄漏对社区和“脆弱区”的危险的信息。 在最坏的情况下。他们的结论是，4100万美国人生活在设施周围3英里以内，有可能造成严重伤害或死亡，这个令人生畏的数字强化了防止危险物质严重泄漏的必要性，并在危险物质泄漏时保护工人和公众。

Scope of Hazards of Chemical Emergency Response Chemical spills are a daily occurrence in America and even in the 21st century all too many workers are still not effectively trained to understand the risks of accidental spills and leaks. The 2005 ATSDR report on Hazardous Substance Emergency Events (Appendix Q) based on data from 15 state Health Departments of releases documents that there were 8,603 events in 2005, more than 20 per day, 6,386 were at fixed facilities. There were 2,034 victims (85% at fixed facilities) and 45% of the victims were employees or responders, an indication on the need to adequately train workers at facilities with potential releases. 50% of these incidents were reported to be due to equipment failure. The 2001 ATSDR report had similar statistics and also reported that 42% were releases to the air, an indication of the need for Center staff and trainers to better understand the dynamics of plume releases and dynamics. Another 40% of incidents were from spills, demonstrating the need to train workers to safely and efficientty respond to these events, alert the proper authorities, limit the spill release and properly dispose of waste. The frequency of building evacuations (655 in 2005) underscores the need for safe evacuation and workplace shelter in place procedures. The 2005 article by staff of the Chemical Safety Board on the Bhopal disaster, identifies one of the systemic problems as "ineffective worker training' which remain "underlying causes of many incidents" (3; Appendix C). ATSDR data has been previously documented by the 1999 600K report by the US Chemical Safety and Hazards Investigation Board (4). Similar conclusions were reached by a 1998 US Public Interest Research Group and National Environmental Law Center report (5). Although there are limitations in their data collection, they add information on the danger of chemical releases to communities and the "vulnerable zone" in a worst case scenario. They conclude that 41 million Americans live within three miles of facilities with the potential for serious injury or death, a daunting figure that reinforces the need to prevent serious releases of hazardous materials, and protect workers and the public when they do.