Developing Radiological Risk Communication Materials for Low-Literacy Populations

为低识字人群开发放射风险沟通材料

• 批准号: 7894778
• 负责人: Sarah B Bass
• 金额: $ 8.13万
• 依托单位: TEMPLE UNIV OF THE COMMONWEALTH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-07-15 至 2012-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7894778
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Address; Adult; Affective; Attitude; Behavioral; Body Temperature; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Cognitive; Communication; Complex; Conflict (Psychology); Control Groups; Data; Decision Aid; Decision Making; Devices; Disasters; Effectiveness; Emergency Situation; Emotional; Environmental Risk Factor; Event; Eye; Focus Groups; Fright; Galvanic Skin Response; Health; Health Communication; Heart Rate; Knowledge; Laboratories; Life; Low Literacy Population; Maps; Measures; Methods; Mission; Modeling; Mydriasis; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Nuclear; Participant; Perception; Phase; Philadelphia; Physiological; Pilot Projects; Population; Population Heterogeneity; Positioning Attribute; Process; Psyche structure; Psychophysiology; Radiation; Randomized; Reaction; Readiness; Reading; Recommendation; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Respiration; Risk; Science; Security; Self Efficacy; Stress; Surveys; Technology; Testing; Time; Uncertainty; Universities; Work; base; burden of illness; communication aid; design; dirty bomb; health literacy; high risk; improved; innovation; instrument; literacy; mathematical model; novel strategies; predictive modeling; public health relevance; response; vector; willingness

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Radiological exposure from a terror event has been identified by the CDC and the Office of Homeland Security as a potential threat worthy of significant national preparedness. Little research has been done, however, to develop risk communication strategies for those with limited literacy. The specific aims of this research are: 1. To test whether tailored communication for those with low literacy increases overall understanding of RTEs as well as eases fear and increases self efficacy compared to existing risk messages, and 2. To assess whether new approaches to designing risk communication - perceptual mapping and physiological testing- are valid methods to develop emergency preparedness materials for people with low literacy. The study will use new approaches to designing risk communication (RC) that involves modeling the target group's conceptualization of a situation, designing message strategies around those conceptual models and testing, under laboratory conditions, the cognitive, emotional, decisional, behavioral and physiological effects of such messages. This will be done using vector mathematical modeling to create perceptual maps that can be used to compare current RC materials to pilot messages designed from the perceptual maps. Reactions to these materials will then be tested using psycho- physiological measures (eye-tracking, pupil dilation, heart rate, respiration rate, skin conductance and body temperature) to assess their effectiveness in reducing fear and increasing willingness to comply with recommended actions. The research will have four phases: 1. Conduct three to four focus groups with subjects (N=30) with lower-literacy (d 6th grade reading level) and create a perceptual mapping instrument on perceptions of a radiation terror event; 2. Administer the perceptual mapping survey instrument to subjects (N=50) with low literacy; 3. Analyze perceptual mapping data and design an adapted RC aid for people with low literacy using vector message design methods; 4. Conduct a pilot study with subjects (adults with d6th grade literacy level; N=50) using psycho-physiological measures to assess the types of messages most likely to reduce uncertainty, decisional conflict, and physiological stress/tension and increase the willingness to comply with recommendations if a radiation event occurred. Pilot subjects will be randomized to review the adapted RC aid (Experimental Group) or an existing CDC decision aid (Control Group). We will test the following hypotheses: 1. Experimental subjects will be more likely than controls to (a) report intent to comply with radiation event recommendations and (b) report less uncertainty and more self efficacy.; 2. Experimental subjects will be more likely than controls to have aggregated mental maps in which "self" is positioned farther away from negative cognitive/affective concepts (fear, uncertainty) associated with a radiation event. We predict that communication aids designed using these methods will provide predictive models for how to communicate risk information effectively to low-literacy populations in the event of a public threat with a high perceived degree of risk. The impact of developing and testing these methods to improve message design and enhance decision-making is far-reaching. We expect our innovative methods will have wide application for designing risk communication aids for those with low literacy, an important strategy for eliminating disparities in disaster response and subsequent health effects. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This research will provide an opportunity to develop a more accurate projection of how the public, especially those with low literacy, might react to a radiological terror event or other high-risk messaging. Having measures of emotional and physiological response will be important for interpreting the linkages between the cognitive positionings/perceptions and the behavioral intentions related to the final actions taken by the public should an event actually occur. This research will specifically contribute to national preparedness in the case of a terror event, but also advance the science of developing interdisciplinary models that improve decision making under uncertainty using innovative methods such as perceptual mapping and physiological testing.

描述（由申请人提供）：恐怖事件的辐射暴露已被疾病预防控制中心和国土安全办公室确定为值得国家重大准备的潜在威胁。然而，为读写能力有限的人制定风险沟通策略的研究却很少。本研究的具体目的是：1.研究方法：测试与现有的风险信息相比，为低文化水平的人量身定制的沟通是否能提高对rte的整体理解，减轻恐惧，提高自我效能。评估设计风险沟通的新方法——感知映射和生理测试——是否是为低识文率人群开发应急准备材料的有效方法。这项研究将使用新的方法来设计风险沟通（RC），包括对目标群体的情景概念化建模，围绕这些概念模型设计信息策略，并在实验室条件下测试这些信息的认知、情感、决策、行为和生理影响。这将使用矢量数学建模来创建可用于比较当前RC材料和从感知图设计的导航信息的感知图。然后，对这些材料的反应进行心理生理测试（眼球追踪、瞳孔扩张、心率、呼吸率、皮肤电导和体温），以评估它们在减少恐惧和增加遵守建议行动意愿方面的有效性。研究将分为四个阶段：进行3 - 4个焦点小组，对象（N=30）具有较低的文化水平（d 6年级阅读水平），并创建一个感知映射工具对辐射恐怖事件的感知；2. 对识字率低的受试者（N=50）实施知觉映射量表；3. 分析感知映射数据，并使用向量信息设计方法为低识字率人群设计适应性RC辅助工具；4. 对受试者（识字水平为6年级的成年人；N=50）进行一项试点研究，使用心理生理测量来评估最可能减少不确定性、决策冲突和生理压力/紧张的信息类型，并在发生辐射事件时增加遵守建议的意愿。试点受试者将被随机分配，以评估改编的RC辅助工具（实验组）或现有的CDC决策辅助工具（对照组）。我们将检验以下假设：1。与对照组相比，实验对象更有可能(a)报告有意遵守辐射事件建议，(b)报告不确定性更少，自我效能更高。2. 与控制组相比，实验对象更有可能拥有汇总的心理地图，其中“自我”的位置远离与辐射事件相关的负面认知/情感概念（恐惧、不确定性）。我们预测，使用这些方法设计的通信辅助工具将提供预测模型，用于在高风险公共威胁事件中如何有效地向低识字率人群传达风险信息。开发和测试这些方法对改进消息设计和增强决策的影响是深远的。我们期望我们的创新方法将广泛应用于为识字率低的人设计风险宣传工具，这是消除灾害反应和随后的健康影响方面的差距的重要战略。公共卫生相关性：这项研究将提供一个机会，更准确地预测公众，特别是那些识字率低的公众，对放射性恐怖事件或其他高风险信息的反应。对情绪和生理反应的测量对于解释认知定位/感知与公众在事件实际发生时所采取的最终行动相关的行为意图之间的联系非常重要。这项研究将特别有助于国家在恐怖事件的情况下做好准备，但也将推动开发跨学科模型的科学，这些模型可以使用感知映射和生理测试等创新方法改善不确定性下的决策。

项目成果

Use of Emotional Response Modeling to Develop More Effective Risk Communication for Limited Literacy Adults: Evaluation of a "Dirty Bomb" Decision Aid.

• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: International journal of communication and health
• 作者: J. Greener;S. Bass;Jon D. Morris;T. F. Gordon

Using eye tracking and gaze pattern analysis to test a "dirty bomb" decision aid in a pilot RCT in urban adults with limited literacy.

• DOI: 10.1186/s12911-016-0304-5
• 发表时间: 2016-06-08
• 期刊: BMC medical informatics and decision making
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: Bass SB;Gordon TF;Gordon R;Parvanta C
• 通讯作者: Parvanta C

How Do Low-Literacy Populations Perceive "Dirty Bombs"? Implications for Preparedness Messages.

文化程度低的人群如何看待“脏弹”？

• DOI: 10.1089/hs.2016.0037
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Health security
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Bass,SarahBauerle;Gordon,ThomasF;Maurer,Laurie;Greener,Judith;Mora,Gabriella;Ruggieri,Dominique;Wolak,Caitlin;Parvanta,Claudia
• 通讯作者: Parvanta,Claudia