How does temperature influence AMF respiration?

温度如何影响 AMF 呼吸？

• 批准号: NE/D008301/1
• 负责人: Angela Hodge
• 金额: $ 4.98万
• 依托单位: University of York
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2006 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FD008301%2F1
• 关键词: How; does; temperature; influence; AMF

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are among the most widespread and ecologically significant of all soil micro-organisms. These soil fungi form symbiotic associations with around two-thirds of all land plants (some 200 000 species) in which both partners benefit. The plant obtains enhanced phosphorus uptake and other benefits such as increased pathogen resistance while the fungus receives a supply of carbon from its host plant. In addition, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known to influence plant community structure and nutrient cycling in natural ecosystems as well as releasing large amounts of respiratory CO2 into the surrounding soil, which ultimately diffuses into the atmosphere (contributing to the greenhouse effect). It is therefore surprising that we know relatively little about how this influential group of fungi respond to conditions in the environment. Temperature is one such key environmental variable because it effects metabolic processes, can show wide variation (i.e. day and night, winter and summer) and is predicted to increase as a result of global climate change. Although we do know how plants respond to variations in temperature, most studies on have been conducted using non-mycorrhizal (i.e. uncolonised) plants whereas in the natural environment AMF colonisation is the normal condition. In this proposal we will investigate how the AMF is influenced by temperature by measuring respiration. We will examine how AMF influence the respiration response of the plants root (compared to uncolonised roots). In addition, the AMF has two phases, one inside the root, and the other external to the root responsible for exploring the soil for nutrients. If both these phases respond to temperature in the same manner is currently unknown. We will vary the temperature experienced by the external phase independently of that of the plant so that the response of the AMF can be examined directly. We will also test if the fungus is able to adjust (i.e. acclimate) to changes in temperature such that respiration is maintained in a steady state rather than changing.

丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）是分布最广、生态意义最大的土壤微生物之一。这些土壤真菌与约三分之二的陆地植物（约20万种）形成共生关系，双方都从中受益。植物获得增强的磷吸收和其他益处，例如增加病原体抗性，同时真菌从其宿主植物获得碳供应。此外，已知丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）会影响自然生态系统中的植物群落结构和养分循环，并向周围土壤中释放大量呼吸性CO2，最终扩散到大气中（导致温室效应）。因此，令人惊讶的是，我们对这一有影响力的真菌群体如何对环境条件作出反应知之甚少。温度是这样一个关键的环境变量，因为它影响新陈代谢过程，可以表现出广泛的变化（即白天和黑夜，冬季和夏季），并预计会因全球气候变化而增加。虽然我们确实知道植物如何对温度变化做出反应，但大多数研究都是使用非菌根（即未定殖）植物进行的，而在自然环境中AMF定殖是正常情况。在这个建议中，我们将研究如何AMF是由温度的影响，通过测量呼吸。我们将研究AMF如何影响植物根的呼吸反应（与未定殖根相比）。此外，AMF有两个阶段，一个在根内，另一个在根外，负责探索土壤中的养分。这两个阶段是否以相同的方式对温度作出反应目前尚不清楚。我们将改变外部相所经历的温度，而不依赖于植物的温度，以便可以直接检查AMF的响应。我们还将测试真菌是否能够适应（即适应）温度变化，使呼吸保持在稳定状态而不是变化。