Quantifying the Effects of Aerosols on Climate, and Their Behaviour in the Atmosphere

量化气溶胶对气候的影响及其在大气中的行为

• 批准号: NE/E002641/1
• 负责人: Simon Clegg
• 金额: $ 35.33万
• 依托单位: University of East Anglia
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2007 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FE002641%2F1
• 关键词: Quantifying; Effects; Aerosols; Climate; Their

Summary for General Audience Atmospheric aerosols - small particles suspended in the air - include seasalt (from breaking waves), wind-blown dust, and sulphates and organic compounds from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Aerosols can affect the earth's budget of solar radiation, first, by scattering and absorbing incoming solar and outgoing terrestrial radiation (the direct effect). Second, aerosols can affect the optical properties of clouds - which both scatter solar radiation back to space, and absorb outgoing long wave radiation - by changing the numbers of water droplets present (the indirect effect). The total magnitude of the aerosol effect on the surface temperature of the earth is similar to that of the greenhouse gases (mainly CO2), but is believed to be a net cooling rather than warming. However, the exact size of the effect is very uncertain. Aerosol particles also affect human health and provide surfaces for chemical reactions to take place on, many of which are important in determining the concentration of surface ozone which is harmful. The U.K. Meteorological Office carries out climate research and is the joint leader of a programme to build and evaluate a new global computer model suitable for a range of topics in climate and environmental change research. One of the key tasks is to improve the representation of atmospheric aerosols and their effects in the model. Important aerosol properties include the uptake of water by the aerosol particles in response to atmospheric relative humidity and temperature changes, the size of the aerosol particles, and the partitioning between the aerosols and surrounding gas phase of volatile compounds such as ammonia, nitric acid, and some organic compounds. Improving the treatment of aerosols in the computer model is an essential step to representing both the direct and indirect aerosol effects more accurately, and to making improved climate change predictions, and formulating effective public policy for adaptation and remediation. This project assists the Met Office in this task. The formation, properties, and behaviour of atmospheric aerosols are currently the subject of active investigation in the laboratory, by field measurement campaigns, and by modellers around the world. The Met Office does not have expertise in the detailed thermodynamics of gas/aerosol which can be used to develop and test new aerosol schemes that can be incorporated into their climate model. The primary purpose of this knowledge transfer project is to address this gap by providing web-based tools incorporating state-of-the-art aerosol models developed by us over a period of more than 5 years. These embody the results of internationally recognized research into the behaviour of the components of tropospheric and stratospheric aerosol systems. They will enable the Met Office to evaluate and test representation of aerosol properties in their global climate and other models, guide their future development, and ultimately reduce the uncertainties associated with the aerosol influence on climate change. These web-based tools can be accessed freely, and our past experience demonstrates that they are likely to be used in aerosol science research and teaching worldwide.

面向一般受众的摘要 大气气溶胶——悬浮在空气中的小颗粒——包括海盐（来自破碎的海浪）、风吹尘埃以及来自天然和人为来源的硫酸盐和有机化合物。气溶胶可以影响地球的太阳辐射预算，首先是通过散射和吸收传入的太阳辐射和传出的地面辐射（直接效应）。其次，气溶胶可以通过改变存在的水滴数量（间接效应）来影响云的光学特性，云将太阳辐射散射回太空，并吸收传出的长波辐射。气溶胶对地球表面温度影响的总量与温室气体（主要是二氧化碳）的影响相似，但被认为是净降温而不是变暖。然而，影响的确切大小非常不确定。气溶胶颗粒还影响人类健康并提供发生化学反应的表面，其中许多化学反应对于确定有害的表面臭氧浓度很重要。英国气象局开展气候研究，并是一个项目的联合领导者，该项目旨在建立和评估适合气候和环境变化研究一系列主题的新的全球计算机模型。关键任务之一是改进模型中大气气溶胶及其影响的表示。重要的气溶胶特性包括气溶胶颗粒响应大气相对湿度和温度变化而吸收水、气溶胶颗粒的大小以及气溶胶与挥发性化合物（例如氨、硝酸和一些有机化合物）周围气相之间的分配。改进计算机模型中气溶胶的处理是更准确地表示直接和间接气溶胶影响、改进气候变化预测以及制定有效的适应和补救公共政策的重要一步。该项目协助英国气象局完成这项任务。大气气溶胶的形成、性质和行为目前是实验室、现场测量活动和世界各地的建模者积极研究的主题。英国气象局不具备气体/气溶胶详细热力学方面的专业知识，而这些专业知识可用于开发和测试可纳入其气候模型的新气溶胶方案。该知识转移项目的主要目的是通过提供基于网络的工具来弥补这一差距，该工具结合了我们在 5 年多的时间里开发的最先进的气溶胶模型。这些体现了国际公认的对流层和平流层气溶胶系统成分行为的研究结果。它们将使英国气象局能够评估和测试其全球气候和其他模型中气溶胶特性的表征，指导其未来发展，并最终减少与气溶胶对气候变化影响相关的不确定性。这些基于网络的工具可以免费访问，我们过去的经验表明它们很可能用于全球气溶胶科学研究和教学。

项目成果

Statistical Mechanics of Multilayer Sorption: Extension of the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer (GAB) Adsorption Isotherms

• DOI: 10.1021/jp203879d
• 发表时间: 2011-08-25
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Dutcher, Can S.;Ge, Xinlei;Clegg, Simon L.
• 通讯作者: Clegg, Simon L.