GENDER, ALCOHOL, AND CULTURE: SECONDARY DATA ANALYSES

GENACIS（性别、酒精和文化：一项国际研究）是一项关于性别和酒精使用的多国研究，基于36个国家的一般人口调查，采用可比方法和措施。该研究不仅包括欧洲，北美和澳大利亚，还包括非洲，亚洲和拉丁美洲的国家。该应用程序用于对独特的GENACIS数据集进行二次分析，以便更好地了解性别和文化如何相互作用，影响全球饮酒行为及其后果。拟议的分析将调查以下方面的性别和文化差异：（1）饮酒行为及其不良影响;（2）饮酒及其影响如何受到社会经济条件，社会地位和社会角色（包括性别角色）以及饮酒环境的影响;以及（3）饮酒如何与控制饮酒，亲密关系和亲密伴侣暴力的社会压力联系在一起。在GENACIS的大多数调查中使用的标准问卷使GENACIS能够获得关于饮酒模式、与饮酒有关的问题以及各种可能的前因和后果的详细可比数据。这些个人层面的变量得到社会层面的计量（来自档案来源和汇总调查数据）的补充，包括两性不平等和经济发展的计量。GENACIS数据集在一个中央数据管理网站编辑和合并，将由各自机构的共同研究者小组进行分析。分析将测试有关个人层面的关系在社会研究和跨社会，社会层面的饮酒模式，社会层面的影响，个人层面的关系的假设。分析将涉及社会内部的回归分析、跨社会同质性的元分析和检验，以及通过元回归和分层线性模型评估社会对个人层面模式和关系的影响。研究结果将在专业期刊、研究专著和项目第四年的一次国际研究会议上传播。拟议的多国分析可以为了解性别和文化如何影响饮酒及其后果做出重要贡献。从这些分析中获得的知识可以帮助制定更有效的国家和国际酒精滥用预防，干预和男女政策。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): GENACIS (Gender, Alcohol, and Culture: An International Study) is a multinational study of gender and alcohol use, based on general population surveys with comparable methods and measures in 36 countries. The study includes not only Europe, North America, and Australia but also countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. This application is for secondary analyses of the unique GENACIS data set, in order to understand better how gender and culture interact to influence drinking behavior and its consequences worldwide. The proposed analyses will investigate combined gender and cultural differences in (1) drinking behavior and its adverse effects; (2) how drinking and its effects are modified by socioeconomic conditions, social status and social roles (including gender roles), and drinking contexts; and (3) how drinking is linked to social pressures to control drinking, intimate relationships, and intimate partner violence. A standard questionnaire used in most of the GENACIS surveys has enabled GENACIS to obtain detailed comparable data about drinking patterns, drinking-related problems, and a variety of possible antecedents and consequences. These individual-level variables are supplemented by societal-level measures (from archival sources and aggregated survey data), including measures of gender inequality and economic development. GENACIS data sets, edited and merged at a central data management site, will be analyzed by teams of co-investigators at their own institutions. Analyses will test hypotheses about individual-level relationships within societies studied and across societies, societal-level drinking patterns, and societal-level influences on individual-level relationships. Analyses will involve regression analyses within societies, meta-analysis and tests for homogeneity across societies, and evaluation of societal influences on individual-level patterns and relationships by meta-regression and hierarchical linear models. Findings will be disseminated in professional journals, research monographs, and at an international research conference in the fourth project year. The proposed multinational analyses can make important contributions to understanding how gender and culture influence drinking and its consequences. Knowledge gained from these analyses can aid the development of more effective national and international alcohol abuse prevention, intervention, and policy efforts for both men and women.