GENDER, ALCOHOL, AND CULTURE: SECONDARY DATA ANALYSES

描述（由申请人提供）：GENACIS（性别、酒精和文化：一项国际研究）是一项关于性别和酒精使用的多国研究，基于36个国家的一般人口调查，采用可比较的方法和措施。这项研究不仅包括欧洲、北美和澳大利亚，还包括非洲、亚洲和拉丁美洲的国家。这个应用程序是对独特的GENACIS数据集进行二次分析，以便更好地了解性别和文化如何相互作用影响全球的饮酒行为及其后果。拟议的分析将调查以下方面的性别和文化差异：(1)饮酒行为及其不利影响；(2)饮酒及其影响如何受到社会经济条件、社会地位和社会角色（包括性别角色）以及饮酒环境的影响；(3)饮酒与控制饮酒的社会压力、亲密关系和亲密伴侣暴力之间的关系。在大多数GENACIS调查中使用的标准问卷使GENACIS能够获得关于饮酒模式、饮酒相关问题以及各种可能的前因后果的详细可比数据。这些个人层面的变量由社会层面的措施（来自档案资料和综合调查数据）补充，包括性别不平等和经济发展的措施。GENACIS数据集在中央数据管理站进行编辑和合并，将由各自机构的共同调查小组进行分析。分析将检验关于所研究社会内部和跨社会的个人层面关系的假设，社会层面的饮酒模式，以及社会层面对个人层面关系的影响。分析将包括社会内部的回归分析、跨社会的荟萃分析和同质性检验，以及通过荟萃回归和分层线性模型评估社会对个人层面模式和关系的影响。研究结果将在专业期刊、研究专著和项目第四年的国际研究会议上发表。提议的多国分析可以对理解性别和文化如何影响饮酒及其后果作出重要贡献。从这些分析中获得的知识有助于为男女制定更有效的国家和国际酒精滥用预防、干预和政策努力。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): GENACIS (Gender, Alcohol, and Culture: An International Study) is a multinational study of gender and alcohol use, based on general population surveys with comparable methods and measures in 36 countries. The study includes not only Europe, North America, and Australia but also countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. This application is for secondary analyses of the unique GENACIS data set, in order to understand better how gender and culture interact to influence drinking behavior and its consequences worldwide. The proposed analyses will investigate combined gender and cultural differences in (1) drinking behavior and its adverse effects; (2) how drinking and its effects are modified by socioeconomic conditions, social status and social roles (including gender roles), and drinking contexts; and (3) how drinking is linked to social pressures to control drinking, intimate relationships, and intimate partner violence. A standard questionnaire used in most of the GENACIS surveys has enabled GENACIS to obtain detailed comparable data about drinking patterns, drinking-related problems, and a variety of possible antecedents and consequences. These individual-level variables are supplemented by societal-level measures (from archival sources and aggregated survey data), including measures of gender inequality and economic development. GENACIS data sets, edited and merged at a central data management site, will be analyzed by teams of co-investigators at their own institutions. Analyses will test hypotheses about individual-level relationships within societies studied and across societies, societal-level drinking patterns, and societal-level influences on individual-level relationships. Analyses will involve regression analyses within societies, meta-analysis and tests for homogeneity across societies, and evaluation of societal influences on individual-level patterns and relationships by meta-regression and hierarchical linear models. Findings will be disseminated in professional journals, research monographs, and at an international research conference in the fourth project year. The proposed multinational analyses can make important contributions to understanding how gender and culture influence drinking and its consequences. Knowledge gained from these analyses can aid the development of more effective national and international alcohol abuse prevention, intervention, and policy efforts for both men and women.