Harassment, Cumulative Adversity and Drinking Outcomes

描述(由申请人提供)：这项对不同职业的队列的持续纵向研究的目标是：1)探讨性骚扰(SH)和一般性工作场所骚扰(GWH)在与宏观层面的创伤应激源(与恐怖主义有关的恐惧和经历)、标准的生命过程应激源(失去工作和人际关系)以及儿童早期创伤相结合时，对有害饮酒结果的预测能力；2)探讨心理健康服务的保护作用、应对方式和社会支持在减轻压力源的酒精相关后果方面的保护作用，3)描述压力源与饮酒结果之间的联系中的脆弱性(个性)和中介(心理困扰)因素。我们正在进行的研究中的参与者[第4波n=1,654；第5波预期n=1581]将在第6、7和8波重新调查，每隔一年。邮件调查将评估最近的SH/GWH经历、对恐怖主义的恐惧、失去工作和失去重要的人、童年创伤、人格脆弱性、痛苦[抑郁、焦虑、敌意、创伤后应激障碍]、应对、社会支持、健康/心理健康服务的利用，以及酒精和其他物质的使用和滥用。将利用各种多变量统计数据和深度访谈来描述工作和非工作累积压力源、保护性和脆弱性因素以及与酒精相关的结果随时间的变化。主要目标是1)澄清随着时间的推移，累积的逆境对饮酒的影响，2)确定哪些支助和心理健康服务提供者最有可能防止酒精和其他物质造成的痛苦的自我治疗，3)澄清弱势个人获得有效干预的过程。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The objectives of this continuing longitudinal study of an occupationally-diverse cohort are: 1) to address the extent to which sexual harassment (SH) and generalized workplace harassment (GWH) most powerfully predict deleterious drinking outcomes when experienced in combination with macro-level traumatic stressors (terrorism-related fears and experiences), normative life-course stressors (loss of work and interpersonal relationships), and earlier childhood traumas, 2) to address the protective effects of mental health services, modes of coping and social supports in mitigating the alcohol-related consequences of stressors, and 3) to depict vulnerability (personality) and mediating (psychological distress) factors in the linkages between stressors and drinking outcomes. Participants in our ongoing study [n=1,654 at wave 4; expected n at wave 5 =1581] will be re-surveyed at waves 6, 7, and 8, each one year apart. Mail surveys will assess recent SH/GWH experiences, fears of terrorism, loss of work roles and loss of significant others, childhood traumas personality vulnerability, distress [depression, anxiety, hostility, PTSD], coping, social supports, health/mental health service utilization, and use and abuse of alcohol and other substances. A variety of multivariate statistics and in depth interviews will be utilized to depict changes over time in work and nonwork cumulative stressors, protective and vulnerability factors, and alcohol-related outcomes. Major goals are 1) to clarify how cumulative adversity impacts on drinking over time, 2) to identify support and mental health service providers who may best prevent the self-medication of distress with alcohol and other substances and 3) to clarify processes by which vulnerable individuals obtain effective interventions.