CHEMICAL CHARACTERISATION OF SURFACE ORGANIC RESIDUES ON ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTTERY: INVESTIGATING VESSEL USE, PALAEODIET, AND THE ACCURACY OF 14C-DATES
考古陶器表面有机残留物的化学表征:调查容器的使用、古饮食和 14C 日期的准确性
基本信息
- 批准号:NE/F014074/1
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 8.58万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:英国
- 项目类别:Training Grant
- 财政年份:2008
- 资助国家:英国
- 起止时间:2008 至 无数据
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Two major classes of organic residue are recognised preserved in archaeological pottery vessels, namely: visible deposits on the interior surface, and absorbed residues within the vessel wall. Both classes represent the remains of organic natural materials processed in vessels and occur most commonly on vessels broadly classified as 'cooking' pots, although vessels would have been used for a wide range of activities involving the heating of organic materials. A major area of interest in such residues comes from the potential to use their biomolecular and stable isotope compositions to investigate: the use of vessels, the nature of commodities processed in vessels, dietary components and agricultural activities. Absorbed residues have been much more widely chemically analysed and applied than surface residues, with an increasing range of plant and animal products being recognised and significant archaeological questions addressed. The attraction of absorbed residues is their high frequency of occurrence, e.g. on average ca. 50% of 'British 'cooking' pots contain significant concentrations of organic residues relating to the lifetime of use of vessels. In contrast, surface residues have been much less studied, mainly because of their relative rarity. Where chemical investigations have been undertaken different classes of compound, e.g. carbohydrates and proteins, are seen to dominate surface residues, compared to absorbed residues, which are dominated by lipids. Up to now studies of surface residues have been limited to small numbers of vessels, whereas several investigations of absorbed residues have demonstrated the value of chemically analysing much larger numbers, several hundred vessels, to reveal changes in human activity through time and across geographical regions. One very significant application of surface residues has been their use in radiocarbon dating by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). Surface organic residues are particularly suitable for this purpose as they probably derive from a single 'cooking' event and thus have 'young' ages. Recognising this English Heritage (EH) has funded 14C-dating on >250 residues, which have been included in statistical (Bayesian) models, together with dates from other sources. This modelling suggests that such residues are more likely to produce anomalous ages than other sample types. Around 15% of samples ages are not reproducible between radiocarbon laboratories and have very poor agreement with the other information included in the chronological models. It seems there is contamination in some of the dated residues that cause these anomalies. As the chemical compositions of the dated residues is unknown, these anomalies are currently unexplained. Moreover, the opportunity for wider interpretations of vessel use and past diet are missed. The EH dating programme provides a unique and rapidly evolving sample set for undertaking systematic investigations of the organic chemistry of carbonaceous surface residues from archaeological ceramics. In this project we aim to bring together chemical and radiocarbon analyses of surface residues to: enhance interpretations of vessels use and diet from 14C-dated residues from Britain, and provide a robust explanation(s) for the anomalous 14C-dates obtained from a proportion of such residues. The specific aims of the project will be to: determine the chemical composition of the residues and assign their origins by chemical and stable isotopic analysis, in order to pinpoint chemical criteria for identifying the most suitable residues for 14C-dating, including the identification of marker compounds for residues likely to produce anomalous ages. The project will provide the student with training in a range of novel micro-analytical methods aimed at deriving molecular level chemical and stable isotope information for automated multivariate data treatment for organic residue classification in this key aspect of archaeology.
考古陶器中保存着两大类有机残留物,即:内表面上的可见沉积物和容器壁内的吸收残留物。这两类都代表了在容器中加工的有机天然材料的残留物,最常见于被广泛归类为“烹饪”锅的容器上,尽管容器将被用于涉及有机材料加热的广泛活动。对这些残留物感兴趣的一个主要领域是利用其生物分子和稳定同位素组成进行调查的潜力:容器的使用、容器中加工的商品的性质、饮食成分和农业活动。吸收残留物已被更广泛的化学分析和应用比表面残留物,越来越多的植物和动物产品被认可和解决重大的考古问题。吸收残留物的吸引力在于它们的高出现频率,例如,平均约为100%。50%的“英国”烹饪锅含有与容器使用寿命相关的有机残留物。相比之下,对表面残留物的研究要少得多,主要是因为它们相对稀少。在进行化学研究的地方,与以脂类为主的吸收残留物相比,不同种类的化合物,例如碳水化合物和蛋白质,被认为是占主导地位的表面残留物。到目前为止,对表面残留物的研究仅限于少数船只,而对吸收残留物的几项调查表明,对更大数量的船只(数百艘船只)进行化学分析,以揭示人类活动随时间和地理区域的变化,具有重要意义。表面残留物的一个非常重要的应用是通过加速器质谱法(AMS)用于放射性碳测年。表面有机残留物特别适合于此目的,因为它们可能来自单一的“烹饪”事件,因此具有“年轻”的年龄。认识到这一英国遗产(EH)资助了超过250个残留物的14 C测年,这些残留物已被纳入统计(贝叶斯)模型,以及其他来源的日期。这个模型表明,这些残留物比其他样本类型更有可能产生异常年龄。大约15%的样品年龄在放射性碳实验室之间是不可重复的,并且与年代学模型中包含的其他信息的一致性非常差。似乎有污染的一些过时的残留物,导致这些异常。由于残留物的化学成分未知,这些异常现象目前无法解释。此外,错过了对血管使用和过去饮食进行更广泛解释的机会。EH测年计划提供了一个独特的和快速发展的样品集进行系统的调查,从考古陶瓷的碳质表面残留物的有机化学。在这个项目中,我们的目标是汇集表面残留物的化学和放射性碳分析,以:加强对船只使用和饮食的解释,从英国的14 C-年代测定残留物,并提供一个强大的解释(S)异常的14 C-日期从这样的残留物的比例。该项目的具体目标将是:确定残留物的化学成分,并通过化学和稳定同位素分析确定其来源,以确定化学标准,确定最适合14 C测年的残留物,包括确定可能产生异常年龄的残留物的标记化合物。该项目将为学生提供一系列新颖的微观分析方法的培训,旨在获得分子水平的化学和稳定同位素信息,用于考古学这一关键方面的有机残留物分类的自动化多变量数据处理。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
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其他文献
吉治仁志 他: "トランスジェニックマウスによるTIMP-1の線維化促進機序"最新医学. 55. 1781-1787 (2000)
Hitoshi Yoshiji 等:“转基因小鼠中 TIMP-1 的促纤维化机制”现代医学 55. 1781-1787 (2000)。
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
- 通讯作者:
LiDAR Implementations for Autonomous Vehicle Applications
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2021 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
- 通讯作者:
吉治仁志 他: "イラスト医学&サイエンスシリーズ血管の分子医学"羊土社(渋谷正史編). 125 (2000)
Hitoshi Yoshiji 等人:“血管医学与科学系列分子医学图解”Yodosha(涉谷正志编辑)125(2000)。
- DOI:
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- 影响因子:0
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Effect of manidipine hydrochloride,a calcium antagonist,on isoproterenol-induced left ventricular hypertrophy: "Yoshiyama,M.,Takeuchi,K.,Kim,S.,Hanatani,A.,Omura,T.,Toda,I.,Akioka,K.,Teragaki,M.,Iwao,H.and Yoshikawa,J." Jpn Circ J. 62(1). 47-52 (1998)
钙拮抗剂盐酸马尼地平对异丙肾上腺素引起的左心室肥厚的影响:“Yoshiyama,M.,Takeuchi,K.,Kim,S.,Hanatani,A.,Omura,T.,Toda,I.,Akioka,
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- 影响因子:0
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的其他文献
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