Personality, Health, and Transitions in Later Life

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究由一个在人格、老龄化和流行病学研究方面具有丰富经验的多学科研究小组提出，将是第一个对人格病理在晚年生活中的稳定性和影响进行前瞻性、纵向研究。它将在55岁至64岁之间的未接受治疗的样本中检查人格特征、人格障碍、健康和社会适应之间的联系——这些人即将面临晚年生活的挑战。它将确定人格和人格障碍对成功适应重要生活转变的能力的影响程度。将在两种不同的人格病理学定义方法之间进行分类学比较：DSM-IV所代表的方法和人格五因素模型。还将考虑正常和病理人格特征的告密者报告（相对于自我报告测量）在预测适应问题方面的增量有效性。生活在圣路易斯地区的有代表性的成年人样本（n= 1500）将被识别和招募使用随机数字拨号。所有参与者完成的基线评估将包括半结构化诊断访谈（SIDP-IV）和两份问卷，MAPP和NEO-PI-R。每位受试者（通常为配偶）将完成MAPP和NEO-PI-R，以描述参与者的个性。I轴障碍将使用C-DIS筛选模块评估情绪、焦虑和物质使用障碍。这个样本中大约有15%到20%的人预计会表现出广泛定义的人格障碍的显著特征。纵向设计将包括对人格和人格障碍的定期随访评估，间隔2年。对社会功能和婚姻调整以及身心健康（包括抑郁症）的后续评估将每6个月完成一次。我们还将监测重大生活事件和转变的发生。该项目的数据将填补目前关于人格障碍的稳定性和病程的知识的重要空白，并阐明其对健康和社会适应的影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This study, proposed by a multidisciplinary team of investigators who have substantial experience in personality, aging, and epidemiological studies, will be the first prospective, longitudinal study of the stability and impact of personality pathology in later life. It will examine connections among personality traits, personality disorders, health, and social adjustment in an out-of-treatment sample of persons between the ages of 55 and 64-those approaching the challenges of later life. It will identify the extent to which personality and personality disorders influence the ability to adapt successfully to important life transitions. Nosological comparisons will be made between two different approaches to the definition of personality pathology: the approach represented in DSM-IV and the Five Factor Model of personality. Consideration will also be given to the incremental validity of informant reports (relative to self-report measures) of normal and pathological personality traits in predicting adjustment problems. A representative sample of adults living in the St. Louis area (n=1,500) will be identified and recruited using random digit dialing. Baseline assessments to be completed by all participants will include a semi-structured diagnostic interview (SIDP-IV) and two questionnaires, the MAPP, and the NEO-PI-R. One informant per target (most often a spouse) will also complete the MAPP and NEO-PI-R to describe the participant's personality. Axis I disorders will be assessed using C-DIS screening modules for mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Approximately 15 to 20% of this sample is expected to exhibit significant features of personality disorders, broadly defined. A longitudinal design will include follow-up assessments of personality and personality disorders at regular, 2-year intervals. Follow-up assessments of social functioning and marital adjustment as well as physical and mental health (including depression) will be completed every 6 months. We will also monitor the occurrence of major life events and transitions. Data from this project will fill an important gap in current knowledge regarding the stability and course of personality disorders and elucidate their impact on health and social adjustment over the lifespan.