Personality and Health in Later Life: Psychosocial and Biological Mechanisms

晚年的人格与健康：心理社会和生物机制

• 批准号: 8696412
• 负责人: Thomas Oltmanns
• 金额: $ 62.22万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-05-01 至 2019-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8696412
• 关键词: Adopted; Affect; African American; Age; Age of Onset; Aging; Alcohols; Biological; Biological Factors; Biological Markers; Biological Process; Blood specimen; Cell Aging; Characteristics; Childhood; Chromosomal Stability; Chronic Disease; Communities; Couples; Data; Data Collection; Development; Diagnosis; Disease; Elderly; Event; Exercise; Exposure to; Family; Frequencies; Generations; Habits; Health; Health Status; Health behavior; Hydrocortisone; Immune system; Impulsivity; Individual; Inflammation; Inflammatory; Interleukin-6; Interview; Knowledge; Lead; Length; Life; Link; Longevity; Longitudinal Studies; Measures; Mediating; Mediator of activation protein; Medical; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; Neurosecretory Systems; Neurotic Disorders; Outcome; Participant; Pathway interactions; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Perception; Personality; Personality Assessment; Personality Traits; Persons; Phase; Play; Process; Psychosocial Factor; Psychosocial Influences; Race; Religion and Spirituality; Reporting; Resources; Risk; Role; Sampling; Smoking; Social Adjustment; Social Functioning; Social Network; Social isolation; Social support; Stress; Telomere Shortening; Testing; Time; Tobacco use; Trauma; Variant; base; drinking; early onset; follow-up; health care service utilization; health disparity; improved; informant; mortality; neglect; psychologic; psychosocial; public health relevance; resilience; social integration; telomere; trait

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This longitudinal study will identify specific pathways that are responsible for the link between personality and health in later life. It will employ enhanced assessment methods, including informant reports, interviews, and self-report measures of adaptive as well as maladaptive variants of personality traits. We will investigate psychosocial factors, biological pathways, and personality changes in relation to subjective health, diagnosis and treatment for specific medical disorders, and mortality. Personality traits will be considered both in terms of their protective (e.g., conscientiousness and health behaviors) and harmful functions (e.g., neuroticism and stressful life events). At the psychosocial level of analysis, three mechanisms will be examined as important mediators and moderators: health behaviors (e.g., use of tobacco and alcohol); exposure to environmental adversity (e.g., trauma, neglect, and on-going stressful life events); and social integration (e.g. intimate relationships, social networks, and community involvement). At the biological level of analysis, three additional mechanisms will be considered: neuroendocrine functioning (cortisol); immune system functioning (inflammation); and chromosomal stability (telomere length). Pathways between personality and health will be considered in terms of stable trait levels as well as personality change. Our data will allow us to examine health disparities, testing a variety of hypotheses concerned with both risk and resilience. For example, we will study the role that personality characteristics (e.g., mistrust and impulsivity) play in moderating the relation between environmental adversity and chronic illness. The study will extend data collection with a sample of participants that has already been studied for six years, beginning in 2007. The participants form a representative, ethnically diverse (33 percent African-American), community-based sample of 1,630 persons between the ages of 55 and 64 (when entering the study) ---those approaching the challenges of later life. All participants completed comprehensive assessments of personality, health, and social adjustment at baseline. Stressful life events, social adjustment, and changes in health were then monitored at regular six-month follow-up assessments, leading up to a second assessment of personality, which was conducted 2.5 years after baseline. During Phase II (the next project period), we will conduct two more personality assessments: the third will occur three years after the second, and the fourth will occur two years after the third. We will also collect blood samples to be used for measuring biomarkers at the time personality assessments three and four. Regular follow-up assessments of health, health behaviors, stressful life events, and social functioning will continue to be completed at four regular 6-month intervals following the third assessment. This project fills an important gap in knowledge regarding mechanisms that explain the connection between personality and health.

描述（由申请人提供）：这项纵向研究将确定导致人格与晚年健康之间联系的具体途径。它将采用增强的评估方法，包括知情者报告、访谈以及针对人格特质的适应性和适应不良变体的自我报告测量。我们将调查与主观健康、特定疾病的诊断和治疗以及死亡率相关的心理社会因素、生物学途径和人格变化。人格特质将同时考虑其保护功能（例如责任心和健康行为）和有害功能（例如神经质和压力生活事件）。在社会心理分析层面，将检查三种机制作为重要的中介因素和调节因素：健康行为（例如吸烟和饮酒）；暴露于逆境环境（例如创伤、忽视和持续的压力生活事件）；和社会融合（例如亲密关系、社交网络和社区参与）。在生物学分析层面，将考虑另外三种机制：神经内分泌功能（皮质醇）；免疫系统功能（炎症）；和染色体稳定性（端粒长度）。人格与健康之间的路径将根据稳定的特质水平和人格变化来考虑。我们的数据将使我们能够检查健康差异，测试各种 与风险和复原力有关的假设。例如，我们将研究人格特征（例如不信任和冲动）在调节逆境环境与慢性疾病之间的关系中所发挥的作用。该研究将从 2007 年开始，对已经研究了六年的参与者样本进行数据收集。参与者构成了一个具有代表性、种族多样化（33% 为非裔美国人）、以社区为基础的样本，由 1,630 人组成，年龄在 55 岁至 64 岁之间（进入研究时）——这些人正在迎接晚年生活的挑战。所有参与者均在基线时完成了人格、健康和社会适应的综合评估。然后，在为期六个月的定期随访评估中监测压力生活事件、社会适应和健康变化，并在基线后 2.5 年进行第二次人格评估。在第二阶段（下一个项目期间），我们将再进行两次性格评估：第三次将在第二次之后三年进行，第四次将在第三次之后两年进行。我们还将收集血液样本，用于在第三次和第四次人格评估时测量生物标志物。在第三次评估之后，将继续每隔 6 个月定期进行四次健康、健康行为、压力生活事件和社会功能的后续评估。该项目填补了有关解释人格与健康之间联系的机制的重要知识空白。