Coordination of plant reproductive development by hormonal interaction

通过激素相互作用协调植物生殖发育

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-05850
• 负责人: Ozga, Jocelyn
• 金额: $ 4.23万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=743344
• 关键词: Coordination; plant; reproductive; development; hormonal

In most flowering plants, developing seeds are required for normal fruit (pericarp) growth, and coordination between the embryo, endosperm and seed coat tissues is required for normal seed development. Plants use hormonal signals to coordinate organ and tissue growth and development. As Canadian grown seed and fruit crops are an important source of food for the daily diet and an integral part of the Canadian economy, research into the hormonal mechanisms responsible for coordinating growth and development of these tissues is crucial to protecting these food crops from variations in climate and environment, and in improving yield. The work outlined in this research program builds on the past six years of research on the role of plant hormones in the coordination of growth and development within seeds, and between seeds and the fruit. In the fruit, our data suggest that seed-derived auxin is an important signal to stimulate gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis and thereby fruit growth. In developing seeds, we found that GA biosynthesis and catabolism is tissue-specifically regulated and correlated with changes in the seed coat, endosperm and embryo over development. In both systems, our work is pioneering in the field and has led to the development of unique working hypotheses to explain the role of hormones in coordination of tissue growth and development. This work will identify mechanisms by which plant tissues communicate using hormonal signals to coordinate and regulate growth. This body of knowledge, in turn, could have substantial impact on progress in solving problems of significant economic importance pertaining to fruit and seed growth and development. Application of this knowledge has led to two patents and industry interest in furthering the applied aspects of this work to improve plant performance and crop yield.

在大多数开花植物中，正常的果实(果皮)生长需要发育的种子，而正常的种子发育需要胚胎、胚乳和种皮组织之间的协调。植物利用荷尔蒙信号来协调器官和组织的生长发育。由于加拿大种植的种子和水果作物是日常饮食的重要食物来源，也是加拿大经济的重要组成部分，因此研究负责协调这些组织生长发育的激素机制对于保护这些粮食作物免受气候和环境变化的影响，提高产量至关重要。这项研究计划中概述的工作建立在过去六年关于植物激素在种子内以及种子和果实之间生长发育协调中的作用的研究基础上。在果实中，我们的数据表明，种子衍生的生长素是刺激赤霉素(GA)生物合成从而促进果实生长的重要信号。在种子发育过程中，我们发现GA的生物合成和分解代谢是组织特异性调节的，并与种皮、胚乳和胚胎发育过程中的变化有关。在这两个系统中，我们的工作在该领域都是开创性的，并导致了独特的工作假说的发展，以解释激素在协调组织生长和发育中的作用。这项工作将确定植物组织利用激素信号进行沟通以协调和调节生长的机制。这方面的知识反过来可能对解决与水果和种子生长和发展有关的重大经济问题的进展产生重大影响。这一知识的应用已经导致了两项专利和行业对进一步应用这项工作以提高植物表现和作物产量的兴趣。