STRESS EXPOSURE, HPA ACTIVITY AND RISK FOR ADOLESCENT INTERNALIZING DISORDERS

青春期是一个快速变化的时期，以压力增加和情绪调节困难为标志， 随之而来的是与压力相关的精神病理学的增加。尽管已经有很多研究致力于 了解应激反应系统，特别是HPA轴在发育和发育中的作用 内化障碍的维持，很少有研究集中在脆弱的青春期 而且从婴儿期开始就没有进行过前瞻性的研究。在过去的17年里，一大批 从出生起就参加威斯康星州家庭和工作研究的儿童被深入研究 研究早期应激暴露、HPA活性和儿童发展的纵向联系 心理健康问题。根据这些独特的发展数据，本提案提供了一个 前所未有的机会在青春期跟踪这个样本，解决关于以下方面的新问题 早期应激暴露在HPA轴对后期应激敏化中的作用，与神经相关 情绪失调与内化精神病理学的发展和进程 在这个脆弱的时期。将现有的纵向数据集扩展到青春期晚期，300 青少年和他们的母亲将在12年级(大约18岁)接受采访。此外，a、子集 120名青少年-在早期(41岁)和晚些时候(11、13和15岁)皮质醇水平高与低的情况下进行选择- 将参加HPA反应性的密集实验室评估，并作为项目4和5的一部分， 情绪调节的神经基础。主要目的是：1)研究压力敏感化假说 体验青春期正常应激源的社区样本；2)测试压力敏感度 正式实验室范式的假设(特里尔社会压力测试)，对青少年有很高的显着性； 3)确定应激暴露、HPA、其他应激反应性和神经回路因素及其影响因素 组合，这是对青春期后期患有内在性障碍的人最好的区分。 相关性：这项工作具有很高的创新性，将纵向实地研究的优势与 了解HPA应激反应系统和神经发育的实验室方法 回路与青少年易患应激相关的精神病理有关，从而提供 研究人员、临床医生和政策制定者亟需的信息。

Adolescence is a period of rapid change, marked by increased stress and emotion regulation difficulties, and concomitant increases in stress-related psychopathology. Although much research has been devoted to understanding the role of stress response systems, especially the HPA axis, in the development and maintenance of internalizing disorders, very little research has focused on the vulnerable adolescent period and none has been conducted prospectively beginning in infancy. Over the past 17 years, a large cohort of children participating since birth in the Wisconsin Study of Family and Work has been intensively studied to examine longitudinal associations of early stress exposure, HPA activity, and the development of childhood mental health problems. Based on these unique developmental data, the present proposal affords an unprecedented opportunity to follow this sample through adolescence, addressing novel questions regarding the role of early stress exposure in the sensitization of the HPA axis to later stress, associations with neural correlates of emotion dysregulation, and the development and course of internalizing psychopathology during this vulnerable period. To extend the existing longitudinal dataset to late adolescence, 300 adolescents and their mothers will be interviewed in grade 12 (approximate age 18). In addition, a,subset of 120 adolescents - selected on high vs. low early (age 41/¿) and later (ages 11,13 and 15) cortisol levels - will participate in an intensive laboratory assessment of HPA reactivity and, as part of Projects 4 and 5, neural bases of emotion regulation. Major aims are 1) to investigate the stress sensitization hypothesis in a community sample experiencing the normative stressors of adolescence; 2) to test the stress sensitization hypothesis in a formal laboratory paradigm (the Trier Social Stress Test) with high salience for adolescents; and 3) to identify the stress exposure, HPA, other stress reactivity, and neural circuitry factors, and their combinations, which best discriminate individuals with internalizing disorders by late adolescence. Relevance: This work is highly innovative, integrating the strengths of longitudinal field research with those of laboratory approaches to understand the development of the HPA stress response system and the neural circuitry implicated in adolescent vulnerability to develop stress-related psychopathology, thus providing much needed information for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers.