STRESS EXPOSURE, HPA ACTIVITY AND RISK FOR ADOLESCENT INTERNALIZING DISORDERS

青春期是一个快速变化的时期，以压力增加和情绪调节困难为标志， 压力相关的精神病理学也随之增加。尽管许多研究都致力于 了解压力反应系统的作用，特别是HPA轴，在发展和 维持内化障碍，很少有研究集中在脆弱的青少年时期 并且没有一个从婴儿期开始前瞻性地进行。在过去的17年里， 儿童从出生起就参与了威斯康星州的家庭和工作研究， 研究早期压力暴露、HPA活性和儿童期发育的纵向关联 心理健康问题基于这些独特的发展数据，本提案提供了一个 前所未有的机会，通过青春期跟踪这一样本，解决关于 早期应激暴露在HPA轴对后期应激敏感性中的作用，与神经系统的相关性， 情绪失调的相关因素，以及内化精神病理学的发展和过程 在这个脆弱的时期。为了将现有的纵向数据集扩展到青春期后期，300 将在12年级（约18岁）对青少年及其母亲进行访谈。此外， 120名青少年-选择高与低早期（41岁/15岁）和以后（11岁，13岁和15岁）皮质醇水平- 将参与HPA反应性的强化实验室评估，作为项目4和5的一部分， 情绪调节的神经基础主要目的是：1）研究应激敏感化假说， 社区样本经历的规范性压力的青春期; 2）测试压力敏感性 一个正式的实验室范式（特里尔社会压力测试）的假设与青少年的高显着性; 和3）确定应激暴露，HPA，其他应激反应性和神经回路因素，以及它们的 组合，最好的区分个人与内化障碍的青春期后期。 相关性：这项工作具有高度创新性，将纵向实地研究的优势与 实验室方法来了解HPA应激反应系统和神经系统的发展， 涉及青少年脆弱性的回路，以发展与压力相关的精神病理学，从而提供 研究人员、临床医生和决策者急需的信息。

Adolescence is a period of rapid change, marked by increased stress and emotion regulation difficulties, and concomitant increases in stress-related psychopathology. Although much research has been devoted to understanding the role of stress response systems, especially the HPA axis, in the development and maintenance of internalizing disorders, very little research has focused on the vulnerable adolescent period and none has been conducted prospectively beginning in infancy. Over the past 17 years, a large cohort of children participating since birth in the Wisconsin Study of Family and Work has been intensively studied to examine longitudinal associations of early stress exposure, HPA activity, and the development of childhood mental health problems. Based on these unique developmental data, the present proposal affords an unprecedented opportunity to follow this sample through adolescence, addressing novel questions regarding the role of early stress exposure in the sensitization of the HPA axis to later stress, associations with neural correlates of emotion dysregulation, and the development and course of internalizing psychopathology during this vulnerable period. To extend the existing longitudinal dataset to late adolescence, 300 adolescents and their mothers will be interviewed in grade 12 (approximate age 18). In addition, a,subset of 120 adolescents - selected on high vs. low early (age 41/¿) and later (ages 11,13 and 15) cortisol levels - will participate in an intensive laboratory assessment of HPA reactivity and, as part of Projects 4 and 5, neural bases of emotion regulation. Major aims are 1) to investigate the stress sensitization hypothesis in a community sample experiencing the normative stressors of adolescence; 2) to test the stress sensitization hypothesis in a formal laboratory paradigm (the Trier Social Stress Test) with high salience for adolescents; and 3) to identify the stress exposure, HPA, other stress reactivity, and neural circuitry factors, and their combinations, which best discriminate individuals with internalizing disorders by late adolescence. Relevance: This work is highly innovative, integrating the strengths of longitudinal field research with those of laboratory approaches to understand the development of the HPA stress response system and the neural circuitry implicated in adolescent vulnerability to develop stress-related psychopathology, thus providing much needed information for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers.