STRESS EXPOSURE, HPA ACTIVITY AND RISK FOR ADOLESCENT INTERNALIZING DISORDERS

青春期是一个快速变化的时期，其特点是压力增加和情绪调节困难， 与压力相关的精神病理学随之增加。尽管许多研究致力于 了解应激反应系统，尤其是 HPA 轴，在发育和发育过程中的作用 维持内化障碍，很少有研究关注脆弱的青少年时期 并且还没有从婴儿期开始进行前瞻性研究。 17年来，一大批 自出生起就参与威斯康星州家庭与工作研究的儿童经过深入研究， 检查早期压力暴露、HPA 活动和儿童发育的纵向关联 心理健康问题。基于这些独特的发展数据，本提案提供了 前所未有的机会来跟踪这个样本整个青春期，解决有关的新问题 早期压力暴露在 HPA 轴对后期压力的敏感性中的作用，与神经元的关联 情绪失调的相关性与内化精神病理学的发展和过程 在这个脆弱的时期。为了将现有的纵向数据集扩展到青春期后期，300 青少年及其母亲将在 12 年级（大约 18 岁）接受采访。此外，一个子集 120 名青少年 - 根据早期（41 岁）和后期（11,13 岁和 15 岁）皮质醇水平的高与低进行选择 - 将参加 HPA 反应性的密集实验室评估，并且作为项目 4 和 5 的一部分， 情绪调节的神经基础。主要目标是 1）研究压力敏化假说 经历青春期规范压力源的社区样本； 2）压力敏感度测试 正式实验室范式（特里尔社会压力测试）中的假设对青少年具有高度显着性； 3) 识别压力暴露、HPA、其他压力反应性和神经回路因素及其影响 组合，最能区分青春期后期患有内化障碍的个体。 相关性：这项工作具有高度创新性，将纵向实地研究的优势与其他领域的优势相结合。 实验室方法来了解 HPA 应激反应系统和神经系统的发展 与青少年易受压力相关的心理病理学影响有关的电路，从而提供 研究人员、临床医生和政策制定者急需的信息。

Adolescence is a period of rapid change, marked by increased stress and emotion regulation difficulties, and concomitant increases in stress-related psychopathology. Although much research has been devoted to understanding the role of stress response systems, especially the HPA axis, in the development and maintenance of internalizing disorders, very little research has focused on the vulnerable adolescent period and none has been conducted prospectively beginning in infancy. Over the past 17 years, a large cohort of children participating since birth in the Wisconsin Study of Family and Work has been intensively studied to examine longitudinal associations of early stress exposure, HPA activity, and the development of childhood mental health problems. Based on these unique developmental data, the present proposal affords an unprecedented opportunity to follow this sample through adolescence, addressing novel questions regarding the role of early stress exposure in the sensitization of the HPA axis to later stress, associations with neural correlates of emotion dysregulation, and the development and course of internalizing psychopathology during this vulnerable period. To extend the existing longitudinal dataset to late adolescence, 300 adolescents and their mothers will be interviewed in grade 12 (approximate age 18). In addition, a,subset of 120 adolescents - selected on high vs. low early (age 41/¿) and later (ages 11,13 and 15) cortisol levels - will participate in an intensive laboratory assessment of HPA reactivity and, as part of Projects 4 and 5, neural bases of emotion regulation. Major aims are 1) to investigate the stress sensitization hypothesis in a community sample experiencing the normative stressors of adolescence; 2) to test the stress sensitization hypothesis in a formal laboratory paradigm (the Trier Social Stress Test) with high salience for adolescents; and 3) to identify the stress exposure, HPA, other stress reactivity, and neural circuitry factors, and their combinations, which best discriminate individuals with internalizing disorders by late adolescence. Relevance: This work is highly innovative, integrating the strengths of longitudinal field research with those of laboratory approaches to understand the development of the HPA stress response system and the neural circuitry implicated in adolescent vulnerability to develop stress-related psychopathology, thus providing much needed information for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers.