A Stochastic Judgment Model of Recall: Separating Measurement, Memory and Correla

描述（由申请人提供）：本竞争性修订申请是为了响应通知no - od -10-032而提交的，标题为“NIH宣布通过NIH基础行为和社会科学机会网络（OppNet）为竞争性修订申请（R01, R03, R15, R21， R21/R33和R37）提供恢复法案资金”。家长R03开发了一种新的分析工具，将信心判断（例如，“我确信我是正确的”）与记忆反应（例如，“我相信我以前见过那张脸”）联系起来。由于信心判断与记忆反应是分开给出的，因此可能存在1)信心判断的测量误差；2)记忆响应中的测量误差；或者3)这两种行为反应可能是基于不同种类的信息。分析工具使用跨两个或多个条件的数据模式来分别量化这三种机制，每一种机制都可能导致看起来不准确的信心判断。此次修订旨在通过将该分析工具应用于感知反应的信心判断（例如，“这是我刚刚瞥见的一张脸”）来推进该分析工具。一项初步研究表明，与记忆相比，对知觉的信心判断可能以一种根本不同的方式起作用。正如预期的那样，假设信心判断引入了额外的测量误差来源，记忆的信心判断被发现比强迫选择记忆决策所暗示的更不准确。然而，对感知的信心判断则相反。在其原始形式中，分析工具无法解释这种数据模式。相反，这些结果表明，与感知置信度相关的测量误差与感知信息的误差是耦合的。除了通过模拟研究验证分析工具的扩展之外，三个行为实验将测试该帐户的预测。这些实验将研究记忆和感知之间的相互作用，因为它与信心判断有关。特别是，这些实验将确定感知的信心判断是否使用长期记忆信息（例如，“那是一张熟悉的脸”）来最佳地调整报告的信心水平。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This competitive revision application is submitted in response to notice NOT-OD-10-032, titled "NIH Announces the Availability of Recovery Act Funds for Competitive Revision Applications (R01, R03, R15, R21, R21/R33, and R37) through the NIH Basic Behavioral and Social Science Opportunity Network (OppNet)". The parent R03 developed a new analysis tool for relating confidence judgments (e.g., "I'm certain I was correct") to memory responses (e.g., "I believe I saw that face before"). Because confidence judgments are given separately from memory responses, there may be 1) measurement error in the confidence judgment; 2) measurement error in the memory response; or 3) these two behavioral responses might be based on different kinds of information. The analysis tool uses patterns of data across two or more conditions to separately quantify these three mechanisms, each of which can lead to confidence judgments that appear to be inaccurate. This revision seeks to advance this analysis tool through its application to confidence judgments of perceptual responses (e.g., "that's the face I just got a brief glimpse of"). A preliminary study suggests that confidence judgments may act in a fundamentally different manner for perception as compared to memory. As expected under the assumption that confidence judgments introduce an additional source of measurement error, confidence judgments of memory were found to be less accurate than suggested by forced-choice memory decisions. However, the opposite was found for confidence judgments of perception. In its original form, the analysis tool cannot account for this pattern of data. Instead, these results suggest that the measurement error associated with perceptual confidence is coupled to the error of perceptual information. Besides validating this extension of the analysis tool through simulation studies, three behavioral experiments will test predictions of this account. These experiments will investigate the interplay between memory and perception as it relates to confidence judgments. In particular, these experiments will ascertain whether confidence judgments of perception use long-term memorial information (e.g., "that's a familiar face") to optimally adjust the reported level of confidence. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Perceptual disorders are often measured through the inability to rapidly identify visual objects such as faces or words, but these deficits may reflect a change in the certainty associated with potential responses rather than a deficit in the underlying perceptual information. By collecting confidence judgments as well as perceptual identification responses, the proposed work will develop a set of measurement tools that can differentiate between the possible sources of perceptual deficits. These measurement tools will be relevant to differential diagnoses of perceptual disorders as well as clinical therapies designed to alleviate perceptual difficulty.