A Stochastic Judgment Model of Recall: Separating Measurement, Memory and Correla

说明(由申请人提供)：本竞争性修订申请是对NOT-OD-10-032号通知的回应，通知名为“NIH宣布通过NIH基本行为和社会科学机会网络(OppNet)为竞争性修订申请(R01、R03、R15、R21、R21/R33和R37)提供恢复法案资金”。家长R03开发了一种新的分析工具，用于将信心判断(例如，“我确信我是正确的”)与记忆反应(例如，“我相信我以前见过那张脸”)联系起来。由于置信度判断与记忆反应是分开给出的，因此可能存在1)置信度判断中的测量误差；2)记忆反应中的测量误差；或3)这两种行为反应可能基于不同种类的信息。分析工具使用两种或两种以上条件的数据模式来分别量化这三种机制，每种机制都可能导致似乎不准确的置信度判断。这一修订旨在通过将这一分析工具应用于对知觉反应的信心判断来推进这一分析工具(例如，“这就是我刚刚瞥见的那张脸”)。一项初步研究表明，与记忆相比，自信判断在感知和记忆方面的作用可能截然不同。正如预期的那样，在假设信心判断引入额外的测量误差来源的情况下，记忆的信心判断被发现不如强迫选择记忆决定所建议的准确。然而，在知觉的自信判断上却发现了相反的情况。在其原始形式中，分析工具不能考虑这种数据模式。相反，这些结果表明，与知觉信心相关的测量误差与知觉信息的误差是耦合的。除了通过模拟研究验证分析工具的这一扩展外，还有三个行为实验将测试该帐户的预测。这些实验将研究记忆和知觉之间的相互作用，因为它与自信判断有关。特别是，这些实验将确定知觉的信心判断是否使用长期记忆信息(例如，那是一张熟悉的面孔)来最佳地调整报告的信心水平。 公共卫生相关性：知觉障碍通常是通过无法快速识别面孔或文字等视觉对象来衡量的，但这些缺陷可能反映了与潜在反应相关的确定性的变化，而不是潜在感知信息的缺陷。通过收集信心判断和感知识别反应，拟议的工作将开发一套测量工具，可以区分感知缺陷的可能来源。这些测量工具将与知觉障碍的鉴别诊断以及旨在缓解知觉困难的临床治疗相关。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This competitive revision application is submitted in response to notice NOT-OD-10-032, titled "NIH Announces the Availability of Recovery Act Funds for Competitive Revision Applications (R01, R03, R15, R21, R21/R33, and R37) through the NIH Basic Behavioral and Social Science Opportunity Network (OppNet)". The parent R03 developed a new analysis tool for relating confidence judgments (e.g., "I'm certain I was correct") to memory responses (e.g., "I believe I saw that face before"). Because confidence judgments are given separately from memory responses, there may be 1) measurement error in the confidence judgment; 2) measurement error in the memory response; or 3) these two behavioral responses might be based on different kinds of information. The analysis tool uses patterns of data across two or more conditions to separately quantify these three mechanisms, each of which can lead to confidence judgments that appear to be inaccurate. This revision seeks to advance this analysis tool through its application to confidence judgments of perceptual responses (e.g., "that's the face I just got a brief glimpse of"). A preliminary study suggests that confidence judgments may act in a fundamentally different manner for perception as compared to memory. As expected under the assumption that confidence judgments introduce an additional source of measurement error, confidence judgments of memory were found to be less accurate than suggested by forced-choice memory decisions. However, the opposite was found for confidence judgments of perception. In its original form, the analysis tool cannot account for this pattern of data. Instead, these results suggest that the measurement error associated with perceptual confidence is coupled to the error of perceptual information. Besides validating this extension of the analysis tool through simulation studies, three behavioral experiments will test predictions of this account. These experiments will investigate the interplay between memory and perception as it relates to confidence judgments. In particular, these experiments will ascertain whether confidence judgments of perception use long-term memorial information (e.g., "that's a familiar face") to optimally adjust the reported level of confidence. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Perceptual disorders are often measured through the inability to rapidly identify visual objects such as faces or words, but these deficits may reflect a change in the certainty associated with potential responses rather than a deficit in the underlying perceptual information. By collecting confidence judgments as well as perceptual identification responses, the proposed work will develop a set of measurement tools that can differentiate between the possible sources of perceptual deficits. These measurement tools will be relevant to differential diagnoses of perceptual disorders as well as clinical therapies designed to alleviate perceptual difficulty.