Feeling States and Heart Rates: A Translational Study

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目解决了目前美国青少年肥胖和缺乏身体活动的流行病。这项研究的目的是制定有效的方法，鼓励青少年成为和保持身体活动。特别是，该项目关注的是识别不愿意锻炼的青少年，因为他们在高强度锻炼时对不愉快的感觉高度敏感。一旦确定，这些青少年可以有针对性地进行干预，旨在教他们以能够产生愉快感觉的强度水平进行锻炼，从而使他们更有可能寻求身体活动的机会。本研究的具体目的是：1）评估一种通过学校体育（PE）提供的新型干预对对运动诱发负性情感高度敏感的青少年的影响; 2）确定青少年在运动中感到不舒服的倾向是否是一种稳定的特质，即使面对干预也会持续存在;（3）比较和对比三种测量青少年运动情感敏感性的方法。 不参加团队或个人竞技体育的健康中学生将被招募和评估，以确定他们现有的运动倾向（即，“不情愿的锻炼者”和“潜在的锻炼者”）。评估将使用三种方法进行，这些方法已用于测量个体在面对刺激时体验积极情感的倾向：1）纸和纸评估，测量对积极情感挑战的反应倾向; 2）脑电图（EEG），以确定额叶皮层不对称性; 3）经验评估对标准化运动任务的情感反应。不愿锻炼者和潜在锻炼者将被分配到两种情况之一中。一个条件将实施基于PE的干预，与传统方法不同的是，学生将被指示以已确定的强度进行锻炼，以引起该个体的积极影响（基于基线测试）。在另一种情况下，学生将被指示以运动处方中通常使用的标准公式得出的强度进行运动。据推测，非传统的方法将增加不情愿的锻炼者的体育享受，也是他们参与体育以外的身体活动的水平。后者将使用基线时、干预后和干预结束后1年佩戴的便携式监测器（加速度计）进行测定。 这项研究与预防2型糖尿病有关，因为它解决了青少年体力活动行为改变的机制。这个发育期的典型特征是身体活动的参与率下降，因此是干预的关键时期。研究结果将增加对为什么一些青少年保持活跃而另一些青少年则不活跃的理解，并将测试一种新的干预措施，这种干预措施可能在不情愿的锻炼者中更有效。 公共卫生相关性：该项目与美国死亡和残疾的几个主要原因直接相关;特别是心脏病，糖尿病和肥胖症。本研究的目的是更好地了解青少年身体活动行为改变的机制。这项研究将确定可靠的措施，可用于确定青少年成为久坐不动的高风险，并将测试一种新的学校为基础的干预措施，以促进身体活动的青少年谁是不愿意活跃。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project addresses the current epidemic in obesity and physical inactivity among adolescents in the United States. The goal of the research is to develop effective ways of encouraging adolescents to become and remain physically active. In particular, this project is concerned with identifying adolescents who are reluctant to exercise because they have a high sensitivity to unpleasant feelings while exercising at higher intensities. Once identified, these adolescents can be targeted with an intervention that is designed to teach them to exercise at anintensity level that will generate pleasant feelings and therefore make it more likely that they will seek out opportunities to be physically active. The specific aims of this study are to: 1) evaluate the impact of a novel intervention delivered via school-based physical education (PE) on adolescents who have a high sensitivity to exercise-induced negative affect; 2) determine whether adolescents' tendency to feel uncomfortable during exercise is a stable trait that persists even in the face of an intervention; and 3) compare and contrast three alternative methods of measuring adolescents'sensitivity to exercise-induced affect. Healthy middle-school students who do not participate in team or individual competitive sports will be recruited and assessed to determine their existing predisposition toward exercise (i.e., "reluctant exercisers" and "latent exercisers"). The assessment will be conducted using three methods that have been used to measure individuals' propensity to experience positive affect in the face of a stimulus: 1) a pencil-and-paper assessment that measures tendency to respond to a challenge with positive affect; 2) electroencephalogram (EEG) to ascertain frontal cortical asymmetry; and 3) empirically assessed affective response to a standardized exercise task. Reluctant and latent exercisers will be assigned in equal numbers to one of two conditions. One condition will implement a PE-based intervention that differs from the traditional approach in that students will be instructed to exercise at an intensity that has been determined to elicit positive affect in that individual (based on baseline testing). In the other condition, students will be instructed to exercise at an intensity derived from standard formulas typically used in exercise prescriptions. It is hypothesized that the non- traditional approach will increase reluctant exercisers'enjoyment of PE and also their level of participation in physical activity outside of PE. The latter will be determined using portable monitors (accelerometers) worn at baseline, after the intervention, and again 1 year after the end of the intervention. This study is relevant to the prevention of type 2 diabetes in that it addresses the mechanisms of physical activity behavior change among adolescents. This developmental period is typically characterized by declining participation in physical activity, and thus represents a critical period for intervention. The results will increase understanding about why some adolescents remain active while others do not and will test a novel intervention that may be more effective among reluctant exercisers. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This project is directly relevant to several of the primary causes of death and disability in the United States; specifically, heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. The goal of this project is to better understand the mechanisms of physical activity behavior change among adolescents. The study will identify reliable measures that may be used to identify adolescents at high risk for becoming sedentary and will test a novel school-based intervention for promoting physical activity among adolescents who are reluctant to be active.