Feeling States and Heart Rates: A Translational Study

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目旨在解决当前美国青少年中肥胖和缺乏体育活动的流行问题。这项研究的目的是开发有效的方法来鼓励青少年成为并保持身体活动。该项目特别关注那些不愿运动的青少年，因为他们在高强度运动时对不愉快的感觉高度敏感。一旦确定，这些青少年就可以通过干预来指导他们进行一定强度的运动，从而产生愉快的感觉，从而使他们更有可能寻找机会进行身体活动。本研究的具体目的是：1)评估一种通过校本体育教育（PE）提供的新型干预对运动诱发负性情绪高敏感性青少年的影响；2)确定青少年在运动中感到不舒服的倾向是否是一种稳定的特征，即使面对干预也会持续存在；3)比较和对比三种测量青少年运动诱发情绪敏感性的方法。招募不参加团体或个人竞技体育的健康中学生，评估其现有的运动倾向（即“不情愿运动者”和“潜在运动者”）。评估将使用三种方法来测量个体面对刺激时体验积极影响的倾向：1)铅笔和纸的评估，测量以积极影响应对挑战的倾向；2)脑电图（EEG）确定额叶皮质不对称；3)对标准化运动任务的情感反应进行实证评估。不情愿和潜在的锻炼者将按相同数量分配到两种情况之一。一种情况将实施基于pe的干预，这种干预与传统方法不同，因为学生将被指导以确定的强度进行锻炼，以引起个人的积极影响（基于基线测试）。在另一种情况下，学生将被指导以运动处方中通常使用的标准公式得出的强度进行运动。假设非传统的方法会增加不情愿的锻炼者对体育的享受，也会增加他们在体育以外的体育活动的参与水平。后者将通过在基线、干预后和干预结束1年后佩戴的便携式监测仪（加速度计）来确定。本研究探讨了青少年体育活动行为改变的机制，与2型糖尿病的预防有关。这一发育时期的典型特征是体力活动减少，因此是干预的关键时期。研究结果将加深对为什么一些青少年保持运动而另一些不运动的理解，并将测试一种新的干预措施，这种干预措施可能对不愿运动的人更有效。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project addresses the current epidemic in obesity and physical inactivity among adolescents in the United States. The goal of the research is to develop effective ways of encouraging adolescents to become and remain physically active. In particular, this project is concerned with identifying adolescents who are reluctant to exercise because they have a high sensitivity to unpleasant feelings while exercising at higher intensities. Once identified, these adolescents can be targeted with an intervention that is designed to teach them to exercise at anintensity level that will generate pleasant feelings and therefore make it more likely that they will seek out opportunities to be physically active. The specific aims of this study are to: 1) evaluate the impact of a novel intervention delivered via school-based physical education (PE) on adolescents who have a high sensitivity to exercise-induced negative affect; 2) determine whether adolescents' tendency to feel uncomfortable during exercise is a stable trait that persists even in the face of an intervention; and 3) compare and contrast three alternative methods of measuring adolescents'sensitivity to exercise-induced affect. Healthy middle-school students who do not participate in team or individual competitive sports will be recruited and assessed to determine their existing predisposition toward exercise (i.e., "reluctant exercisers" and "latent exercisers"). The assessment will be conducted using three methods that have been used to measure individuals' propensity to experience positive affect in the face of a stimulus: 1) a pencil-and-paper assessment that measures tendency to respond to a challenge with positive affect; 2) electroencephalogram (EEG) to ascertain frontal cortical asymmetry; and 3) empirically assessed affective response to a standardized exercise task. Reluctant and latent exercisers will be assigned in equal numbers to one of two conditions. One condition will implement a PE-based intervention that differs from the traditional approach in that students will be instructed to exercise at an intensity that has been determined to elicit positive affect in that individual (based on baseline testing). In the other condition, students will be instructed to exercise at an intensity derived from standard formulas typically used in exercise prescriptions. It is hypothesized that the non- traditional approach will increase reluctant exercisers'enjoyment of PE and also their level of participation in physical activity outside of PE. The latter will be determined using portable monitors (accelerometers) worn at baseline, after the intervention, and again 1 year after the end of the intervention. This study is relevant to the prevention of type 2 diabetes in that it addresses the mechanisms of physical activity behavior change among adolescents. This developmental period is typically characterized by declining participation in physical activity, and thus represents a critical period for intervention. The results will increase understanding about why some adolescents remain active while others do not and will test a novel intervention that may be more effective among reluctant exercisers. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This project is directly relevant to several of the primary causes of death and disability in the United States; specifically, heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. The goal of this project is to better understand the mechanisms of physical activity behavior change among adolescents. The study will identify reliable measures that may be used to identify adolescents at high risk for becoming sedentary and will test a novel school-based intervention for promoting physical activity among adolescents who are reluctant to be active.