Feeling States and Heart Rates: A Translational Study

描述(由申请者提供)：该项目旨在解决目前美国青少年肥胖和缺乏运动的流行问题。这项研究的目标是开发有效的方法来鼓励青少年变得和保持身体活动。特别是，这个项目涉及识别不愿锻炼的青少年，因为他们在高强度锻炼时对不愉快的感觉高度敏感。一旦被发现，就可以针对这些青少年进行干预，旨在教他们进行强度较大的运动，从而产生愉悦的感觉，从而使他们更有可能寻找机会进行体育活动。本研究的具体目的是：1)评估通过校本体育提供的一种新的干预方法对对运动诱导的负面情绪高度敏感的青少年的影响；2)确定青少年在运动过程中感到不舒服的倾向是否是一种稳定的特征，即使面对干预也仍然存在；以及3)比较和比较三种测量青少年对运动诱导的情绪敏感性的替代方法。不参加团队或个人竞技运动的健康中学生将被招募并进行评估，以确定他们现有的锻炼倾向(即不情愿锻炼的人和潜在的锻炼者)。这项评估将使用三种方法来衡量个体在面对刺激时体验积极情绪的倾向：1)纸笔评估，衡量以积极情绪应对挑战的倾向；2)脑电(EEG)，以确定额叶皮质不对称；3)经验性地评估对标准化运动任务的情绪反应。不情愿和潜在的锻炼者将被同等数量地分配到两种情况之一。其中一个条件将实施基于体育的干预，这与传统方法的不同之处在于，学生将被指示以已被确定为对个人产生积极影响的强度进行锻炼(基于基线测试)。在另一种情况下，学生将被指示按照运动处方中通常使用的标准公式进行锻炼。假设非传统方法会增加不愿意锻炼的人对体育的享受，并增加他们在体育以外参与体育活动的水平。后者将使用在基线、干预后和干预结束一年后佩戴的便携式监视器(加速计)来确定。这项研究与预防2型糖尿病有关，因为它解决了青少年体育活动行为变化的机制。这一发育期的典型特征是体力活动参与度下降，因此是进行干预的关键时期。这一结果将加深人们对为什么一些青少年保持活跃而另一些青少年则不活跃的理解，并将测试一种对不愿锻炼的人可能更有效的新干预措施。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project addresses the current epidemic in obesity and physical inactivity among adolescents in the United States. The goal of the research is to develop effective ways of encouraging adolescents to become and remain physically active. In particular, this project is concerned with identifying adolescents who are reluctant to exercise because they have a high sensitivity to unpleasant feelings while exercising at higher intensities. Once identified, these adolescents can be targeted with an intervention that is designed to teach them to exercise at anintensity level that will generate pleasant feelings and therefore make it more likely that they will seek out opportunities to be physically active. The specific aims of this study are to: 1) evaluate the impact of a novel intervention delivered via school-based physical education (PE) on adolescents who have a high sensitivity to exercise-induced negative affect; 2) determine whether adolescents' tendency to feel uncomfortable during exercise is a stable trait that persists even in the face of an intervention; and 3) compare and contrast three alternative methods of measuring adolescents'sensitivity to exercise-induced affect. Healthy middle-school students who do not participate in team or individual competitive sports will be recruited and assessed to determine their existing predisposition toward exercise (i.e., "reluctant exercisers" and "latent exercisers"). The assessment will be conducted using three methods that have been used to measure individuals' propensity to experience positive affect in the face of a stimulus: 1) a pencil-and-paper assessment that measures tendency to respond to a challenge with positive affect; 2) electroencephalogram (EEG) to ascertain frontal cortical asymmetry; and 3) empirically assessed affective response to a standardized exercise task. Reluctant and latent exercisers will be assigned in equal numbers to one of two conditions. One condition will implement a PE-based intervention that differs from the traditional approach in that students will be instructed to exercise at an intensity that has been determined to elicit positive affect in that individual (based on baseline testing). In the other condition, students will be instructed to exercise at an intensity derived from standard formulas typically used in exercise prescriptions. It is hypothesized that the non- traditional approach will increase reluctant exercisers'enjoyment of PE and also their level of participation in physical activity outside of PE. The latter will be determined using portable monitors (accelerometers) worn at baseline, after the intervention, and again 1 year after the end of the intervention. This study is relevant to the prevention of type 2 diabetes in that it addresses the mechanisms of physical activity behavior change among adolescents. This developmental period is typically characterized by declining participation in physical activity, and thus represents a critical period for intervention. The results will increase understanding about why some adolescents remain active while others do not and will test a novel intervention that may be more effective among reluctant exercisers.