Transmission Mechanisms of Emotion Regulation and Externalizing Problems

描述(由申请人提供)：这项指导研究科学家发展奖(K01)的申请旨在提供培训，这些领域将导致外部化精神病理学的纵向研究计划，并为处于危险中的儿童和家庭提供预防干预措施。这项申请中提出的培训和研究将建立在候选人的情绪理论背景和高危人群中精神病理学发展的研究基础上。根据国家精神卫生研究所目前的战略计划，候选人建议进行培训以实现以下目标：(1)学习分子和行为遗传学的方法，以增加对外在精神病理学发展中基因和环境如何共同作用的理解；(2)增加候选人对情绪调节发展的敏感期和外在精神病理学风险的理解；以及(3)学习测量和分析情绪表达和情绪调节的高级技术，特别是在导致愤怒和沮丧的情况下。培训活动将包括遗传学方面的强化培训、关于两个敏感发育时期(幼儿和青春期)的指导阅读的指导讨论、关于情感编码和二元数据高级分析方法的课程作业和教程，以及参加科学讲习班和会议。这些活动将应用于父母风险、亲子敌意和僵化、幼儿情绪调节和行为问题结果之间的关系的研究。在研究1中，将考察100名低收入青春期母亲的母性情绪失调与敌对和僵化的亲子互动的关系，并将互动中的敌意和僵化作为早期行为问题的预测因子。在研究2中，候选人将把遗传学培训应用于正在进行的亲生父母、领养子女及其领养家庭的纵向研究(早期生长和发育研究)中对类似过程的调查。公共卫生相关性(见说明)：从KOI奖中获得的知识将为翻译研究提供信息，以改变解决早期行为问题的途径。遗传和社会情感因素的相互作用很可能是启动这些有问题的途径的关键过程。考虑到这些过程的基于研究的预防性干预技术可能对高危个人、他们的家庭和社会特别有益。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This Mentored Research Scientist Development Award (K01) application is intended to provide training in areas that will lead to a program of longitudinal research on externalizing psychopathology and inform preventive interventions for at-risk children and families. The training and research proposed in this application will build upon the candidate's background in emotion theory and research on the development of psychopathology in at-risk populations. In line with National Institute of Mental Health's current Strategic Plan, the candidate proposes training to fulfill the following goals: (1) to learn approaches in molecular and behavior genetics that can increase understanding of how genotype and environment operate together in the development of externalizing psychopathology; (2) to increase the candidate's understanding of sensitive periods in the development of emotion regulation and risk for externalizing psychopathology; and (3) to learn advanced techniques to measure and analyze emotion expression and emotion regulation, especially in situations that induce anger and frustration. Training activities will include intensive training in genetics, guided discussion of directed readings on two sensitive developmental periods (toddlerhood and adolescence), coursework and tutorials on coding of emotion and advanced analytic approaches for dyadic data, and attendance at scientific workshops and conferences. These activities will be applied in studies of the relations among parental risk, parent-toddler hostility and rigidity, and toddler emotion regulation and conduct problem outcomes. In Study 1, maternal emotion dysregulation will be examined among 100 low- income, adolescent mothers in relation to hostile and rigid parent-toddler interactions, and hostility and rigidity in interactions will be examined as predictors of early-starting conduct problems. In Study 2, the candidate will apply the genetics training to an investigation of similar processes in an ongoing longitudinal study of birth parents, adoptive children, and their adoptive families (the Early Growth and Development Study). PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE (See instructions): The knowledge gained from this KOI award will inform translational research to alter pathways to early- starting conduct problems. The interplay of genetic and socioemotional factors is likely to be a key process in initiating these problematic pathways. Research-based preventive intervention techniques that consider these processes may be especially beneficial to at-risk individuals, their families, and society.