Neural systems for the dynamic use of memory

描述（由申请人提供）： Joel Voss博士是一位认知神经科学家，致力于研究各种病理状态导致的记忆和记忆衰退的大脑基质。伊利诺伊大学香槟分校贝克曼高级科学技术研究所的尼尔·科恩博士将指导申请人。科恩博士是记忆的神经基础的杰出学者，并有培训成功的研究人员的长期记录，贝克曼研究所为认知神经科学培训提供了丰富的环境。此外，两位著名的记忆研究人员将为申请人的科学发展做出贡献，包括加州大学伯克利分校的Mark D 'Esposito博士和爱荷华州医学院的丹尼尔特拉内尔博士。沃斯博士的培训将包括开发多方法方法的专业知识，以识别认知和行为的大脑基底。培训将涉及测量大脑活动的非侵入性方法，以及研究局灶性脑损伤患者的认知障碍和健康个体神经处理暂时中断的影响。培训还将涉及研究衰老对记忆的影响，并使用计算机模拟环境来研究现实环境中的认知。该研究计划旨在发现协调的神经系统如何通过战略性地分配资源来优化学习和记忆，以满足特定学习情况的需求。这一过程取决于执行功能、注意力和记忆力的融合，并被靶向这三个认知领域的大脑基质的病理事件破坏，如阿尔茨海默病、精神分裂症、ADD/ADHD和自闭症。该研究还寻求开发可供老年人使用的最佳策略，以应对与年龄相关的记忆力下降的普遍挑战，这几乎影响到每个人的正常衰老。拟议的研究具有明显的临床相关性方面的补救老年人的记忆缺陷和广泛的相关性方面的理解机制的病理影响的执行功能，注意力和记忆。 公共卫生相关性： 这项研究旨在发现大脑如何使个人能够战略性地控制他们与环境的互动方式，以优化学习并尽可能多地保留信息。此外，将在老年人中研究这种学习过程，以制定干预措施，防止由于正常衰老而导致的记忆力下降的普遍问题。将获得的知识与理解许多疾病状态干扰记忆神经机制的机制有关，包括阿尔茨海默病，精神分裂症，ADD/ADHD和自闭症，以及开发这些疾病的治疗方法。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A career development plan is proposed for Dr. Joel Voss, a cognitive neuroscientist committed to a research career studying the brain substrates of memory and memory decline due to various pathological states. Dr. Neal Cohen at the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign will mentor the applicant. Dr. Cohen is an eminent scholar of the neural basis of memory and has a long record of training successful researchers, and the Beckman Institute provides a rich environment for cognitive neuroscience training. Furthermore, two renowned memory researchers will contribute to the scientific development of the applicant, including Dr. Mark D'Esposito at the University of California at Berkeley and Dr. Daniel Tranel at the University of Iowa College of Medicine. Dr. Voss' training will include developing expertise with multi-methods approaches to identifying the brain substrates of cognition and behavior. Training will involve noninvasive methods for measuring brain activity as well as the study of cognitive impairments in patients with focal brain damage and the effects of temporary disruption of neural processing in healthy individuals. Training will also involve studying the effects of aging on memory and using computer-simulated environments to study cognition in realistic circumstances. The proposed research program aims to discover how coordinated neural systems optimize learning and memory by strategically allocating resources in order to meet the demands of a particular learning situation. This process depends upon the confluence of executive function, attention, and memory, and is disrupted by pathological events that target the brain substrates of these three cognitive domains, such as Alzheimer's disease, Schizophrenia, ADD/ADHD, and autism. The research also seeks to develop optimal strategies that can be used by older individuals to combat the pervasive challenge of age-related memory decline, which affects almost every individual as a result of normal aging. The proposed research has transparent clinical relevance with regard to remediation of the memory deficits of older individuals and broad relevance with regard to understanding the mechanisms of pathological effects on executive function, attention, and memory. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This research is intended to discover how the brain enables individuals to strategically control how they interface with the environment in order to optimize learning and retain as much information as possible. In addition, this learning process will be studied in older adults in order to develop interventions to guard against the pervasive problem of memory decline due to normal aging. The knowledge that will be gained is relevant to understanding the mechanisms by which many disease states interfere with the neural machinery of memory, including Alzheimer's disease, Schizophrenia, ADD/ADHD, and autism, and in developing treatments for these ailments.