Project 3: Immunoassays for Human and Environmental Monitoring

为了了解环境暴露对人的影响和由此产生的潜在健康影响，需要快速、准确地测量暴露的方法。免疫分析是一种简单而灵敏的测量方法，它使用抗体作为检测器。该项目制作、改进和使用免疫分析方法，对有可能广泛接触和 对人类健康的潜在影响，以防止或最大限度地减少接触。利用这个小组首创的概念，该化合物的模拟物可以通过化学或生物合成。这些模拟物被用来产生针对环境化合物的特异性抗体。这些模拟物和抗体被格式化为分析上很好地表征的化验。然后，这些化验方法被应用于人体或环境暴露的各种研究。该项目要解决的环境污染物包括杀虫剂、氯菊酯、氟虫腈和氯氰菊酯。除了对鱼类和水生无脊椎动物等非目标生物的毒性外，这些杀虫剂还用于农业环境、家庭以及害虫。 控制操作员。接触普通人群是有可能的。还提出了溴化阻燃剂、多溴联苯醚(PBDE)和四溴双酚A以及新出现的环境污染物三氯生和三氯卡班的检测方法。多溴二苯醚通过电子产品和家具的废物处理出现在环境中，而抗菌化合物对污水处理具有抵抗力。为了评估人体暴露，还建议对这些化合物的人体代谢物进行分析。将开发用于同时测量多种化合物的新型磁致发光标签，以加快产量。一种名为噬菌体展示的技术将被用来模拟关键的检测试剂，以使检测更具选择性。

To understand the effect of environmental exposures on people and the resulting potential health effects, rapid, accurate methods to measure exposures are needed. An immunoassay is a simple and sensitive measurement method that uses antibodies as detectors. This project makes, improves and uses immunoassays for chemicals that have potential for widespread exposure and a potential impact on human health with the goal preventing or minimizing exposures. Using concepts pioneered in this group, mimics of the compound are chemically or biologically synthesized. The mimics are used to raise antibodies that are specific for the environmental compound. The mimics and antibodies are formatted into assays that are analytically well characterized. The assays are then applied to various studies of human or environmental exposure. Among environmental contaminants to be addressed by this project are the insecticides, permethrin, fipronil and chlorantraniliprole. In addition to toxicity to non target organisms such as fish and aquatic invertebrates, these insecticides are used in agricultural settings, at home, as well as by pest control operators. Exposure to the general population is likely. Assays are also proposed for the brominated flame retardants, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) and tetrabromobisphenol A and, newly emerging environmental contaminants, the antimicrobial compounds triclosan and triclocarban. PBDEs appear in the environment through waste disposal of electronics and furniture while antimicrobial compounds are resistant to sewage treatment. To assess human exposure, assays to the human metabolites of these compounds are also proposed. Novel magneticluminescent labels for simultaneous measurement of multiple compounds will be developed to speed throughput. A technique called phage display will be use to make mimics of key assay reagents in order to make assays more selective.