PUBERTAL MATURATION & DRUG USE VULNERABILITY

这个子项目是许多利用 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源。子项目和 研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金， 因此可在其他CRISP条目中表示。所列机构为 研究中心，而研究中心不一定是研究者所在的机构。 本申请描述了一项关于青春期情绪、动机和决策的发展研究。这项研究的重点是青春期成熟过程中情感变化的神经基础，重点是寻求感觉，寻求奖励和冒险，以了解青少年对物质使用障碍的脆弱性。该设计旨在解开青春期依赖与青春期独立方面的青少年行为和大脑发育。这将通过比较年龄匹配但青春期成熟度不同的样本，然后在额外发育两年后重新研究每个样本来完成。在每个时间点的措施将包括：神经系统介导的情感行为的结构和功能成像;决策和抑制控制的行为措施;和青少年的情绪，动机和寻求奖励的行为在他们的自然家庭环境的经验采样措施。此外，该研究还将研究单胺功能（多巴胺和5-羟色胺）的遗传变异对这些神经系统和情感行为发展的影响。通过这些方法的融合，本研究旨在了解边缘和前额叶脑区之间的功能关系的成熟转变，这可能有助于短暂增加危险行为的倾向，并导致这些行为在青春期被认为是更有益的-特别是在某些个人和某些社会背景下。这项工作的短期目标是测试假设青春期特定的情感大脑系统的变化，影响决策的青少年和个体差异的关键来源，在这一发展时期。这项工作的长期目标是确定对物质使用障碍的方式，将告知早期干预和预防战略的脆弱性的发展途径和生物机制。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. This application describes a developmental study of emotion, motivation, and decision-making in adolescence. The study focuses on the neural basis for affective changes during pubertal maturation, with an emphasis on sensation-seeking, reward-seeking, and risk-taking relevant to understanding adolescent vulnerability to substance use disorders. The design is aimed at disentangling puberty-dependent versus puberty-independent aspects of adolescent behavioral and brain development. This will be accomplished by comparing samples matched on age but differing in pubertal maturation and then re-studying each sample after two years of additional development. Measures at each time point will include: structural and functional imaging of neural systems mediating affective behaviors; behavioral measures of decision-making and inhibitory control; and experience-sampling measures of adolescents' mood, motivation, and reward-seeking behavior in their natural home environments. In addition, the study will examine the influence of heritable variation in monoamine function (dopamine and serotonin) on the development of these neural systems and affective behaviors. Through the convergence of these methodologies, this study aims at understanding maturational shifts in the functional relationships between limbic and prefrontal brain regions that may contribute to a transient increase in the tendency toward risky behavior and cause these behaviors to be experienced as more rewarding in adolescence--particularly in some individuals and in some social contexts. The short-term goals of this work are to test hypotheses about puberty-specific changes in affective brain systems that influence decision-making in adolescents and key sources of individual differences during this developmental period. The long-term goals of this work are to identify developmental pathways and biological mechanisms of vulnerability toward substance use disorders in ways that will inform early intervention and prevention strategies.