Emotion Regulation in Adolescence: A Social Affective Neuroscience Approach

描述（由申请人提供）：青春期的心理和行为健康是一个关键的公共卫生问题，因为发病率和死亡率从儿童期到青春期后期增加200-300%。这些严重的健康问题的一个主要方面与难以控制情绪有关。为了了解青春期情绪调节的挑战如何导致特定的健康问题，研究人员需要更好的工具来测量这一发展时期的情绪反应和调节。本计画应用发展性的社会情感神经科学观点，发展一个新的“工具箱”，以研究青少年的情绪反应与调节。这需要发展精神病理学、社会神经科学和情感神经科学的整合。结合这些学科的关键要素将促进基于神经科学的工具的开发，这些工具也具有更广泛的发展，临床和社会相关性。由于社会领域在青少年的重要性，我们专注于社会相关的范式，这将有助于理解社会影响（如父母，同龄人，媒体）如何有助于青少年的情绪，以及神经生物学底物如何成为社会和情绪过程的基础。具体来说，我们将开发和完善3套工具：（a）实验室瞳孔和功能磁共振成像（fMRI）的社会情感信息处理任务;（B）亲子情感互动的行为观察与并发瞳孔数据;和（c）基于手机的生态瞬时评估（EMA）协议测量青少年的情绪反应和调节在自然的社会背景。我们的目标是（1）开发和建立这些措施的初始心理测量特性，（2）整合这些测量方法的背景和时间的水平，（3）检查这些方法的有效性，在区分临床群体和检测发展/青春期的情绪反应和调节的差异。作为第一步，我们将特别关注这些方法在青少年抑郁症研究中的实用性-这是一种常见的和使人衰弱的青少年健康问题，与成年后的慢性和复发性障碍有关。这项工作的创新方面包括开发新的方法来采样“现实世界”的现象，通过开发利用社会过程的实验室范例将神经科学与社会环境相结合，以及通过开发情绪诱导和同伴和亲子互动任务来改善对共同发生的社会和生物过程的评估，这些任务可用于收集并发的神经生物学，行为和观察数据。最终，这些工具可能有助于研究人员检查跨学科的各种青少年健康问题，包括高风险研究，治疗和预防，纵向发展研究，心理学，神经科学和行为医学领域的研究人员。开发新的生物学和生态学工具来测量情绪反应和调节与NICHD，NIMH，NIDA和NIAAA的使命有关，因为情绪调节已被确定为规范儿童和青少年发展以及心理健康，药物和酒精滥用问题发展中的关键但知之甚少的领域。以及冒险和鲁莽的行为，导致广泛的健康后果。开发工具，可以促进更好地了解情绪反应和调节有助于青少年健康的机制是至关重要的，因为它可以导致现有的预防和干预计划的改进或调整，基于新的科学发现开发新的预防和干预计划，以及更好地匹配患者的具体治疗方案。能够识别情绪调节的初始中断并在这一相对可塑性时期促进早期干预的工具可能会导致成年期健康相关成本和痛苦的长期减少。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Mental and behavioral health during adolescence is an area of critical public health concern because morbidity and mortality rates increase 200-300% from childhood to late adolescence. A major dimension of these serious health problems is related to difficulties with the control of emotions. In order to understand how challenges to emotion regulation during adolescence contribute to specific health problems, researchers need better tools for measuring emotional reactivity and regulation during this developmental period. This project applies a developmentally informed social affective neuroscience perspective to the development of a new "toolbox" for studying emotional reactivity and regulation in adolescence. This requires an integration of the fields of developmental psychopathology, social neuroscience, and affective neuroscience. Combining key elements of these disciplines will facilitate the development of tools grounded in neuroscience that also have broader developmental, clinical, and social relevance. Because of the importance of the social sphere in adolescence, we focus on socially relevant paradigms that will facilitate an understanding of how social influences (e.g. parents, peers, media) contribute to adolescents' emotionality, and how neurobiological substrates underlie social and emotional processes. Specifically, we will develop and refine 3 sets of tools: (a) laboratory pupillary and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) social-emotional information processing tasks; (b) behavioral observation of parent-child affective interactions with concurrent pupillary data; and (c) a cell-phone based Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) protocol measuring adolescents' emotional reactivity and regulation in natural social contexts. Our aims are to (1) develop and establish initial psychometric properties for these measures, (2) integrate these measurement approaches across levels of context and time, and (3) examine the validity of these approaches in discriminating clinical groups and detecting developmental/pubertal differences in emotional reactivity and regulation. As first steps, we will focus specifically on the utility of these methods in research on adolescent depression--a common and debilitating adolescent health problem associated with chronic and recurrent impairment into adulthood. Innovative aspects of this work include the development of new methodologies for sampling "real-world" phenomena, integration of neuroscience with the social environment by developing laboratory paradigms that tap social processes, and improvements in the assessment of co-occurring social and biological processes through the development of mood inductions and peer and parent-child interaction tasks that can be used to collect concurrent neurobiological, behavioral and observational data. Ultimately, these tools could be useful for investigators examining a wide range of adolescent health problems across disciplines, including researchers in the areas of high risk research, treatment and prevention, longitudinal developmental research, psychology, neuroscience, and behavioral medicine. Developing new biological and ecological tools for measuring emotional reactivity and regulation is relevant to the missions of NICHD, NIMH, NIDA, and NIAAA in that emotion regulation has been identified as a critical yet poorly understood domain in normative child and adolescent development and in the development of problems in mental health, drug and alcohol abuse, and risk-taking and reckless behavior that leads to a broad range of health consequences. Developing tools that can facilitate a better understanding of the mechanisms through which emotional reactivity and regulation contribute to adolescent health is critical because it could lead to improvements or adaptations of existing prevention and intervention programs, the development of new prevention and intervention programs based on new scientific discoveries, and better matching of patients to specific treatment protocols based on emotional profiles. Tools that can identify initial disruptions in emotion regulation and facilitate early intervention during this period of relative plasticity could lead to long-term reductions in health-related cost and suffering in adulthood.