Legal Research on the Effects of Underage Drinking

描述（由申请人提供）： 摘要：美国国家科学院（NAS）医学研究所6年前发布了一份关于减少该国未成年人饮酒的综合报告。该报告回应了国会的一项要求，即对广泛的联邦、州和非政府计划进行审查，包括环境干预和关注青少年和父母态度和行为的计划，以及制定有效的战略来减少和预防未成年人饮酒。由此产生的建议政策体现在目前的16项法律中，这些法律已被许多州采用，以控制未成年人饮酒和驾驶障碍。然而，没有一个州颁布了所有16项法律（例如，犹他州颁布了15项最低法律的饮酒年龄21（MLDA-21）的法律，而肯塔基州只颁布了7项）。此外，许多有这些法律的州都规定了重要的例外情况。NAS的报告有很大的潜力影响州法律对MLDA及其执行。NAS的报告也很重要，因为它指出需要改进执法。然而，这些法律在某些州的具体规定实际上限制了它们的执行。因此，有必要确定与未成年人饮酒和驾驶障碍有关的16项法律的有效性，并确定在各州通过和/或加强这些法律是否会提高其总体有效性。使用酒精政策信息系统和其他来源，该申请要求资金建立在以前的研究，以记录MLDA法律，以支持其有效性的研究，并评估两个扩大的法律（使用假身份和社会主机责任）。具体目标是：（1）记录10项MLDA-21法规的生效日期，使研究人员能够研究这些补充法律在减少未成年人饮酒方面的有效性以及未成年人饮酒的各种后果;以及（2）使用结构方程建模方法，更精确地说明伪造身份证和社会责任法对未成年饮酒司机在致命车祸中的影响，法律对同时发生的联合结果的不同影响。假身份和社会宿主责任法的年度存在/不存在将与其他一般安全法的存在/不存在交叉制表，以确保这些二元预测因子之间不存在共线性问题。 公共卫生相关性： 公共卫生相关性：虽然大多数研究表明，MLDA法律的有效性主要集中在两个核心法律，购买和占有，其他14个立法改进很少得到研究。最近，全国性的“选择责任”运动（www.chooseresponsibility.org）强调了这种知识状态的局限性，该运动旨在废除导致所有州将MLDA设定为21的联邦立法。这项申请利用酒精政策信息系统和其他来源，要求提供资金，以增加和改进10项《反洗钱法》的文件，支持对其有效性的研究，并评估其中两项扩大的法律（使用假身份证和社会主人责任）。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Abstract: The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Institute of Medicine released a comprehensive report 6 years ago on strategies to reduce underage drinking in this country. The report responded to a congressional request for a review of a broad range of federal, state, and nongovernmental programs, including environmental interventions and programs focused on youth and parent attitudes and behaviors, and for the development of effective strategies to reduce and prevent underage drinking. The resulting recommended policies are embodied in the current set of 16 laws that have been adopted by many states to control underage drinking and impaired driving. No state, however, has enacted all 16 laws (e.g., Utah has enacted 15 of the minimum legal drinking age 21 (MLDA-21) laws, whereas Kentucky has enacted only 7). Moreover, many states that have these laws provide for important exceptions to them. The NAS report has substantial potential to influence state statutes on MLDA and their enforcement. The NAS report is also significant because it points to the need for improved enforcement. Yet, the specific provisions of these laws in some states actually restrict their enforcement. Thus, there is a need to determine the effectiveness of the 16 laws relating to underage drinking and impaired driving and to determine whether adopting and/or strengthening these laws in the states will increase their overall effectiveness. Using the Alcohol Policy Information System and other sources, this application requests funds to build on previous research to document the MLDA laws to support studies of their effectiveness and to evaluate two of the expanded laws (use of a fake identification and social host liability). The specific aims are to (1) document effective dates of 10 MLDA-21 statutes to enable researchers to study the effectiveness of these additional laws in reducing underage drinking and the various consequences of underage drinking; and (2) determine the effects of the fake identification and social host liability laws on underage drinking drivers in fatal crashes using structural equation modeling methods to account more precisely for the differential effects of laws on simultaneous joint outcomes. The fake identification and social host liability laws' annual presence/absence will be cross-tabulated against the presence/absence of the other general safety laws to ensure that there is not a collinearity problem among these binary predictors. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Public Health Relevance: Although most studies demonstrating the effectiveness of the MLDA laws have focused primarily on the two core laws, purchase and possession, the other 14 legislative enhancements have received little study. This limitation in the state of knowledge has recently been highlighted by the national Choose Responsibility campaign (www.chooseresponsibility.org) directed at repealing the federal legislation that resulted in all states setting the MLDA at 21. Using the Alcohol Policy Information System and other sources, this application requests funds to increase and improve the documentation of 10 MLDA laws to support studies of their effectiveness and to evaluate two of the expanded laws (use of a fake identification and social host liability).