权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Effects of Three Underage Drinking Laws on Youth Traffic Fatalities

三项未成年人饮酒法对青少年交通死亡的影响

基本信息

批准号：
8700254
负责人：
JAMES C. FELL
金额：
$ 7.49万
依托单位：
PACIFIC INSTITUTE FOR RES AND EVALUATION
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2013-07-15 至 2015-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The public generally assumes that the Minimum Legal Drinking Age of 21 (MDLA-21) is embodied in a single law, and therefore, all states have the same law. Actually, the MLDA-21 state laws consist of multiple provisions that support the core MLDA-21 laws and comprise a family of policies directed at controlling underage drinking. These MLDA-21 statutes vary considerably from state to state, and no state has all components advocated by the federal government. Thus, the current U.S. effort to control underage drinking involves a variable package of policies, many of which have not been evaluated for their effectiveness. The effective dates for each state statute of MLDA-21 law components have been documented. These include MLDA-21 law components that have been evaluated: illegal to possess or purchase alcohol if younger than 21, use alcohol and lose your driver's license, zero tolerance for driving (no alcohol), graduated driver licensing laws with night restrictions, and beer keg registration laws. In addition, many states have adopted social host laws concerning underage drinking parties, the use of fake identification (ID), retailer support for fake ID, transfer/production of fake identification laws, furnishing/selling, illegal to consume, state contol of alcohol, age for on-premise sellers/servers, age for off-premise sellers/servers, and responsible beverage service (RBS) training. Analyses of the effectiveness of the fake ID and social host laws on reducing underage drinking- driver rates in fatal crashes using structural equation modeling (SEM) is currently underway. The objective of this proposed research is to determine the effectiveness of three additional laws using SEM methods: (1) dram shop liability laws that expose outlet owners to third party liability and should affect service to underage as well as adult drivers; (2) state alcohol control laws because of a movement in some states to transition from state monopoly of certain aspects of alcohol distribution and/or retail sales to privatization (e.g., Pennsylvania and Virginia) and such transitions have been associated with increased alcohol availability, alcohol consumption and an increase in alcohol-related injuries; and (3) RBS training laws because some states have been strengthening their RBS training requirements in efforts to reduce overservice practices, particularly service to underage patrons.

描述（由申请人提供）：公众普遍认为 21 岁最低法定饮酒年龄 (MDLA-21) 体现在单一法律中，因此所有州都有相同的法律。实际上，MLDA-21 州法律由多项支持 MLDA-21 核心法律的条款组成，并包含一系列旨在控制未成年人饮酒的政策。这些 MLDA-21 法规因州而异，并且没有一个州拥有联邦政府提倡的所有内容。因此，美国目前控制未成年人饮酒的努力涉及一系列可变的政策，其中许多政策的有效性尚未得到评估。 MLDA-21 法律组成部分的每个州法规的生效日期均已记录。其中包括经过评估的 MLDA-21 法律组成部分：21 岁以下拥有或购买酒精属于非法行为、饮酒并吊销驾驶执照、对驾驶零容忍（禁止饮酒）、具有夜间限制的分级驾驶执照法以及啤酒桶登记法。此外，许多州还通过了有关未成年人饮酒聚会、假身份证件 (ID) 的使用、零售商对假身份证件的支持、假身份证件转让/制作法、提供/销售、非法消费、国家酒精管制、店内卖家/服务员年龄、店外卖家/服务员年龄以及负责任饮料服务 (RBS) 培训的社交接待法。目前正在使用结构方程模型 (SEM) 分析假身份证和社交主机法对于降低致命车祸中未成年酒驾司机发生率的有效性。本研究的目的是使用 SEM 方法确定另外三项法律的有效性：(1) 酒店责任法，该法使商店所有者承担第三方责任，并应影响对未成年和成年司机的服务； (2) 州酒精管制法，因为一些州正在从国家对酒精分销和/或零售的某些方面的垄断过渡到私有化（例如宾夕法尼亚州和弗吉尼亚州），并且这种转变与酒精供应量、酒精消费量和酒精相关伤害的增加有关； (3) RBS 培训法，因为一些州一直在加强 RBS 培训要求，努力减少过度服务行为，特别是对未成年顾客的服务。