Effectiveness of .08 and .05 BAC Limits for Driving

0.08 和 0.05 BAC 驾驶限值的有效性

• 批准号: 8490654
• 负责人: JAMES C. FELL
• 金额: $ 18.7万
• 依托单位: PACIFIC INSTITUTE FOR RES AND EVALUATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8490654
• 关键词: 21 year old; Accounting; Address; Adopted; Adoption; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; Automobile Driving; Blood alcohol level measurement; Cessation of life; Country; Developed Countries; District of Columbia; Driving While Intoxicated; Effectiveness; Impairment; Incentives; Individual; Injury; International; Laboratory Study; Late Effects; Law Enforcement; Laws; Legal; Licensing; Life; Literature; Measurable; Measures; Meta-Analysis; Methodology; Motor Vehicles; Outcome Measure; Play; Policy Maker; Qualifying; Relative Risks; Reporting; Savings; Statutes and Laws; Structure; Suspension substance; Suspensions; Time; Translating; United States; Weight; Young driver; Youth; base; cost; drinking; experience; impaired driving performance; injured; public health relevance; text searching; trafficking

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Alcohol-impaired driving results in thousands of deaths and hundreds of thousands of injuries in the United States each year. In addition, the societal costs of these consequences exceed $129 billion each year. The substantial progress made between 1982 and 1997 in reducing the fatal consequences of impaired driving has stalled for the past 15 years. Impaired-driving legislation adopted in the states has played a key role in the reductions experienced in the 1980s and 1990s. Setting illegal per se limits on the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) for driving and the adoption of administrative license revocation or suspension sanctions for drivers arrested for driving while intoxicated have been shown to be effective as general deterrents to driving after drinking alcohol. It is currently illeal, per se, for anyone aged 21 or older to operate a motor vehicle with a BAC of .08 g/dL (grams per deciliter) or greater in all states and the District of Columbia (DC). One way to resume progress in reducing impaired-driving fatalities is to lower the illegal BAC limit for driving from .08 g/dL to .05 g/dL. The illegal limit is .05 BAC in numerous countries around the world, and several international studies indicate that lowering the illegal per se limit from .08 to .05 g/dL BAC also reduces alcohol-related fatalities. Most of those international studies have been obtained, and for the remaining reports, a comprehensive literature search will be conducted. A meta-analysis of the qualified studies will be conducted to estimate the overall effectiveness of reducing the BAC limit from .08 to .05 if it is implemented in the United States. Several studies have been conducted on the implementation and effectiveness of .08 BAC laws in individual and groups of states; however, no single study has covered all 50 states and DC. This study will fill that gap by determining the overall effectiveness obtained by reducing the illegal per se BAC limit for driving from .10 g/dL to .08 g/dL in all 50 states and DC. To accomplish this, a consistent outcome measure¿drinking drivers in fatal crashes as a ratio to nondrinking drivers in fatal crashes¿and an identical methodology¿timeseries ARIMA analysis¿will be used to estimate the lives saved due to the adoption of .08 BAC in all the states and DC up through 2011. Total lives saved since 1983 when the first two .08 BAC per se laws went into effect will be estimated. The results from this study will be integrated and a weighted result of the effectiveness of lowering the BAC to .05 in each state and the United States as a whole will be developed. Ultimately, this study will help state policy makers gain a better understanding of the benefits of lowering the illegal BAC limit to .05 g/dL, based on its proven effectiveness both in the United States and abroad.

描述（由申请人提供）：在美国，酒精损害驾驶导致数千人死亡，数十万人受伤。此外，这些后果的社会成本每年超过1 290亿美元。1982年至1997年期间，在减少驾驶受损造成的致命后果方面取得了重大进展，但在过去15年里却停滞不前。各州通过的驾驶障碍立法在20世纪80年代和90年代的减少中发挥了关键作用。对酒后驾车的人设定血液酒精浓度（BAC）的非法限制，以及对因醉酒驾车而被逮捕的司机采取吊销或暂停行政许可的制裁，已被证明是有效的一般威慑酒后驾车。目前，在所有州和哥伦比亚特区（DC），任何21岁或以上的人驾驶BAC为0.08 g/dL（克/分升）或更高的机动车本身是非法的。恢复减少受损驾驶死亡率的一种方法是降低驾驶的非法BAC限制， 0.08 g/dL至0.05 g/dL。在世界各地的许多国家，非法限制是0.05 BAC，几项国际研究表明，将非法限制从0.08降低到0.05 g/dL BAC也可以减少与酒精相关的死亡。已获得这些国际研究中的大多数，对于其余报告，将进行全面的文献检索。将对合格研究进行荟萃分析，以估计将BAC限值从0.08降至0.05（如果在美国实施）的总体有效性。已经进行了几项关于.08 BAC法律在个别州和州组中的实施和有效性的研究;然而，没有一项研究涵盖了所有50个州和DC。这项研究将填补这一空白，通过确定在所有50个州和DC将驾驶的非法本身BAC限制从.10 g/dL降低到.08 g/dL所获得的总体有效性。为了实现这一目标，将使用一致的结果衡量标准（致命事故中饮酒驾驶员与致命事故中非饮酒驾驶员的比例）和相同的方法（时间序列ARIMA分析）来估计由于采用0.08 BAC而挽救的生命在所有州和华盛顿特区，直到2011年。将估计自1983年前两项.08 BAC法律生效以来挽救的生命总数。这项研究的结果将被整合，并将得出将BAC降低到.05在每个州和整个美国的有效性的加权结果。最终，这项研究将帮助国家政策制定者更好地了解将非法BAC限制降低到0.05 g/dL的好处，这是基于其在美国和国外的有效性。