Effectiveness of .08 and .05 BAC Limits for Driving

描述（由申请人提供）：在美国，酒后驾驶每年导致数千人死亡，数十万人受伤。此外，这些后果的社会成本每年超过1290亿美元。1982年至1997年期间在减少酒后驾驶致命后果方面取得的重大进展，在过去15年里停滞不前。在20世纪80年代和90年代，美国各州通过的有关驾驶障碍的立法在减少驾驶障碍方面发挥了关键作用。对驾车时的血液酒精浓度（BAC）设定非法本身限制，以及对因醉酒驾驶而被捕的司机采取吊销或暂停行政许可的制裁措施，已被证明对酒后驾驶具有普遍的威慑作用。目前，任何年龄在21岁或以上的人驾驶酒精浓度为。所有州和哥伦比亚特区（DC）的标准为08克/分升（克/分升）或更高。在减少酒后驾驶死亡人数方面恢复进展的一种方法是降低驾车时的非法酒精浓度限制

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Alcohol-impaired driving results in thousands of deaths and hundreds of thousands of injuries in the United States each year. In addition, the societal costs of these consequences exceed $129 billion each year. The substantial progress made between 1982 and 1997 in reducing the fatal consequences of impaired driving has stalled for the past 15 years. Impaired-driving legislation adopted in the states has played a key role in the reductions experienced in the 1980s and 1990s. Setting illegal per se limits on the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) for driving and the adoption of administrative license revocation or suspension sanctions for drivers arrested for driving while intoxicated have been shown to be effective as general deterrents to driving after drinking alcohol. It is currently illeal, per se, for anyone aged 21 or older to operate a motor vehicle with a BAC of .08 g/dL (grams per deciliter) or greater in all states and the District of Columbia (DC). One way to resume progress in reducing impaired-driving fatalities is to lower the illegal BAC limit for driving from .08 g/dL to .05 g/dL. The illegal limit is .05 BAC in numerous countries around the world, and several international studies indicate that lowering the illegal per se limit from .08 to .05 g/dL BAC also reduces alcohol-related fatalities. Most of those international studies have been obtained, and for the remaining reports, a comprehensive literature search will be conducted. A meta-analysis of the qualified studies will be conducted to estimate the overall effectiveness of reducing the BAC limit from .08 to .05 if it is implemented in the United States. Several studies have been conducted on the implementation and effectiveness of .08 BAC laws in individual and groups of states; however, no single study has covered all 50 states and DC. This study will fill that gap by determining the overall effectiveness obtained by reducing the illegal per se BAC limit for driving from .10 g/dL to .08 g/dL in all 50 states and DC. To accomplish this, a consistent outcome measure¿drinking drivers in fatal crashes as a ratio to nondrinking drivers in fatal crashes¿and an identical methodology¿timeseries ARIMA analysis¿will be used to estimate the lives saved due to the adoption of .08 BAC in all the states and DC up through 2011. Total lives saved since 1983 when the first two .08 BAC per se laws went into effect will be estimated. The results from this study will be integrated and a weighted result of the effectiveness of lowering the BAC to .05 in each state and the United States as a whole will be developed. Ultimately, this study will help state policy makers gain a better understanding of the benefits of lowering the illegal BAC limit to .05 g/dL, based on its proven effectiveness both in the United States and abroad.