Chronic Stress, Daily Psychosocial Strain, and CVD Risk

慢性压力、日常心理社会压力和心血管疾病风险

• 批准号: 8216009
• 负责人: THOMAS WILSON KAMARCK
• 金额: $ 33.61万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-02-01 至 2013-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8216009
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adult; Age; Alcohol consumption; American; Animals; Anxiety; Area; Atherosclerosis; Attenuated; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Model; Biological; Biological Factors; Biological Markers; Biological Markers; Biological Process; Biology; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular system; Carotid Arteries; Catecholamines; Characteristics; Child Rearing; Chronic; Chronic stress; Clinical; Communities; Computer Assisted; Data; Data Collection; Development; Diet; Dimensions; Disease; Disease Pathway; Economics; Electronics; Employee; Environment; Error Sources; Exposure to; Goals; Health; Health behavior; Hour; Household; Human; Human Volunteers; Hydrocortisone; Individual Differences; Inflammation; Investigation; Laboratory Study; Life; Link; Literature; Measures; Mediator of activation protein; Metabolic syndrome; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; Neurobiology; Neurosecretory Systems; Neurotic Disorders; Occupational; Occupations; Outcome; Pathogenesis; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Physical activity; Physiological; Play; Primates; Procedures; Process; Psyche structure; Publishing; Relative (related person); Research; Resources; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; Services; Sex Characteristics; Sleep; Smoking; Social Environment; Source; Stress; System; Technology; Testing; Time; Ultrasonography; Variant; Woman; Work; Workplace; abstracting; behavior measurement; biobehavior; cardiovascular disorder risk; cardiovascular risk factor; coping; design; diaries; disorder risk; experience; field study; hemodynamics; improved; instrument; interest; interpersonal conflict; men; neglect; novel; programs; psychologic; psychosocial; relating to nervous system; response; stressor; therapy design; trait

Accumulating evidence supports the importance of chronic stress in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). One of the most consistent set of findings in this literature is the research on occupational stress. A growing literature is consistent with the "job strain" model, showing that chronic exposure to highly demanding and uncontrollable work environments may be linked with the development of clinical CVD as well as subclinical atherosclerosis. Much remains to be understood, however, about the potential mechanisms linking occupational stress and CVD, and the degree to which such mechanisms are specific to the workplace. For example, one assumption of the job strain model is that moment-to-moment behavioral processes account for the effects of occupational stress on health. This assumption is difficult to test using standard methodologies. We have recently developed state-of-the art computer-assisted ambulatory assessment procedures that allow us to capture the psychological and biological markers of mental stress over the course of daily life. Use of these procedures will allow us to examine, more precisely than has previously been possible, the mechanisms accounting for the health effects of occupational stress. 530 healthy employees (ages 30-55) will be administered ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) and electronic diary assessments over three working days and one nonworking (weekend) day. Global assessments of occupational stress will also be employed, along with risk factors and biomarkers for CVD, including ultrasound measures of carotid artery atherosclerosis. We will examine the role of "daily psychosocial strain," as assessed in real time in the natural environment, in explaining the association between occupational stress and CVD biomarkers. Both biological factors (hemodynamic and neuroendocrine factors) and health risk behaviors will be examined as potential mechanisms accounting for these effects, models that have been hypothesized but never explicitly tested. The role of daily demands outside of the workplace in contributing to the effects of occupational stress will be characterized, and the patterns of daily living accounting for sex differences in the relationship between occupational stress and biomarkers for CVD will also be examined.

越来越多的证据支持慢性应激在心血管疾病发展中的重要性， 疾病（CVD）。在这篇文献中，最一致的一组发现是对职业性疾病的研究。 应力越来越多的文献与“工作压力”模型相一致，表明长期接触高浓度的 高要求和不可控的工作环境也可能与临床CVD的发展有关 亚临床动脉粥样硬化然而，关于潜在的机制， 联系职业压力和心血管疾病，以及这种机制在工作场所的具体程度。 例如，工作压力模型的一个假设是，每时每刻的行为过程解释了 职业压力对健康的影响。这个假设很难用标准的 方法论。我们最近开发了最先进的计算机辅助门诊评估 这些程序使我们能够在整个过程中捕捉精神压力的心理和生物标志， 日常生活中。使用这些程序将使我们能够比以前更精确地检查 可能的，机制占职业紧张的健康影响。530名健康员工 (ages 30-55岁）将接受动态血压（ABP）和电子日记评估， 三个工作日和一个非工作日（周末）。对职业压力的全球评估还将 沿着CVD的危险因素和生物标志物，包括颈动脉的超声测量 动脉粥样硬化我们将研究“日常心理社会压力”的作用，如在自然界中真实的时间评估的那样。 环境，在解释职业紧张和CVD生物标志物之间的关联。生身 因素（血液动力学和神经内分泌因素）和健康风险行为将作为潜在的 解释这些效应的机制，即已经假设但从未明确测试的模型。的 工作场所以外的日常需求在促进职业压力影响方面的作用将是 特点，以及日常生活方式占性别差异之间的关系 此外，亦会检查职业压力及心血管疾病的生物标记物。