Psychosocial Stress Exposure: Real-Time and Structured Interview Technologies

描述（由申请人提供）：累积的证据与心理社会压力可能缓和遗传因素对健康和行为结果的影响的可能性一致。这一领域的进一步进展取决于能否开发出标准化的、心理测量上可靠的工具来量化心理社会压力。在过去的几年里，我们的研究团队开创了几种最先进的心理社会压力评估策略，包括一种新的结构化回顾性访谈方法，旨在量化人类长期压力源的历史暴露，实时生态瞬时评估（EMA）该方法旨在捕捉当前心理和生理标记的精神压力，因为他们出现在日常生活的过程中。在我们现有经验和专门知识的基础上，目前项目的目标是将这两种评估方法转化为可在多个地点和人群中使用的标准化实地部署技术。目前的项目是围绕一系列增量研究组织的，旨在帮助我们实现以下里程碑：a）开发有效的电子数据收集设备，用于管理、记录和评分与这两种新的评估方法中的每一种相关的自我报告评估，B）以提高有效性的方式细化与这两种数据收集设备中的每一种相关的项目内容，可靠性和相关测量的项目区分，c）检查总体代表性样本中所得仪器的可靠性并确定最佳测试条件，以及d）记录与这些方法相关的培训和测试程序，并研究发展相关的生产质量设备以供大型研究项目使用的可行性。目前的建议是对RFA“用于研究的心理社会压力和成瘾物质暴露量化的现场部署工具：健康和疾病（U 01）（RFA-DA-07-005）”的回应。“第1类划界案。相关性：在存在基因-环境相互作用的情况下，可靠的环境暴露措施，包括暴露于心理社会压力，对于量化遗传差异对健康结果的影响至关重要。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Accumulating evidence is consistent with the possibility that psychosocial stress may moderate the effects of genetic factors on health and behavioral outcomes. Further advances in this area are predicated on the development of standardized, psychometrically sound instruments for quantifying exposures to psychosocial stress. Over the past several years, our research team has pioneered several state-of-the-art strategies for the assessment of psychosocial stress, including a new structured retrospective interview approach designed to quantify historical exposure to chronic stressors in human populations, and a real-time ecological momentary assessment (EMA) method designed to capture current psychological and physiological markers of mental stress as they emerge over the course of daily living. Building upon our ongoing experience and expertise, the goal of the current project is to translate each of these two assessment approaches into standardized field-deployable technologies that can be employed across multiple sites and populations. The current project is organized around a series of incremental studies that are designed to help us meet the following milestones: a) to develop efficient electronic data collection devices for administering, recording, and scoring self-report assessments relevant to each of these two novel assessment approaches, b) to refine the item content associated with each of these two data collection devices in a manner that will enhance validity, reliability, and item discrimination of the associated measures, c) to examine the reliability of the resulting instruments in a population representative sample and to determine optimal conditions of testing, and d) to document training and testing procedures associated with these methods, and to examine the feasibility of a pursuing the development of relevant production quality > devices for use in large scale research projects. The current proposal is a response to the RFA on "Field- deployable Tools for Quantifying Exposures to Psychosocial Stress and to Addictive Substances for Studies : of Health and Disease (U01) (RFA-DA-07-005)." Category 1 submission. RELEVANCE: In the presence of gene-environment interactions, reliable measures of environmental exposure, including exposure to psychosocial stress, are critical for quantifying the effects of genetic differences on health outcomes.