Social integration, daily social interaction, and health risk pathways in midlife

描述（由申请人提供）：社会融合，即参与多种社会角色，与降低发病率和死亡率风险有关。中年似乎是观察这些影响的关键时期，因为社会网络在这个阶段最强大，中年后健康状况下降。有证据表明，社会融合在调节情绪、促进健康行为和调节可能与疾病相关的生物过程方面可能很重要。然而，人们对日常社会互动如何导致这些影响知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们将对一组400名社区成年人进行为期一周的跟踪调查，对日常社会互动以及健康风险的情感、行为和生物标记进行抽样。我们将研究社会整合的人是否表现出更多的情绪、健康行为（饮食、身体活动、吸烟和饮酒）和生理（动态血压、皮质醇、代谢和炎症反应）的适应性模式。我们还将研究日常社会互动的特征，包括日常生活中社会角色互动的多样性，以及与表现出负面健康行为的人接触的频率，如何促成这些影响。当涉及到这些措施时，我们将研究社会融合的人在多大程度上相对免受压力和社会压力的影响，我们将研究我们观察到的一些影响在多大程度上可以部分地由个人的相关特征（认知风格或人格特征）或他们日常活动的性质来解释。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Social integration, that is, participation in multiple social roles, is associated with reduced morbidity and mortality risk. Midlife appears to be a critical period for observing these effects, as social networks are most robust during this stage of life, and health declines after middle age. Evidence suggests that social integration may be important in regulating emotion, in promoting health behavior, and in modulating biological processes that may be related to disease. Little is understood, however, about how daily social interactions may contribute to these effects. In this study, we will follow a group of 400 community adults over a one-week period, sampling daily social interactions concurrently with affective, behavioral, and biological markers of health risk. We will examine whether socially integrated people show more adaptive patterns of emotion, health behavior (diet, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol use), and physiology (ambulatory blood pressure, cortisol, metabolic and inflammatory responses). We will also examine how features of daily social interaction, including the diversity of social role interactions during daily life, and the frequeny of contact with others who exhibit negative health behaviors, may contribute to these effects. We will examine the extent to which socially integrated people are relatively protected from the effects of stress and social pressures when it comes to these measures, and we will examine the extent to which some of the effects we observe may be accounted for, in part, by associated features of the person (cognitive style or personality traits) or the nature of their daily activites.