Determinants of cancer risk in low-income housing

多种且往往相互关联的行为会增加癌症风险，包括吸烟、缺乏身体活动和饮食模式。与癌症风险相关的行为不成比例地集中在社会经济地位较低的群体以及一些少数民族和种族。这些差异反映了一系列潜在的社会和物理因素。制定有效的干预措施以减少这些差异，需要对人们生活的日常结构有实际的了解。本研究的目的是通过应用社会背景框架来理解风险相关行为的差异，阐明不同种族低收入住房居民癌症风险相关行为的社会和物理决定因素。本研究也将利用这些信息制定针对该环境的癌症预防干预措施，从而为今后的干预研究奠定坚实的基础。住房开发作为癌症预防干预措施的一个重要场所，也为解决潜在的环境危害提供了机会。了解居民暴露于危险环境和社会条件的性质和程度，以及这些因素如何受到一系列重要的个人特征的影响，对于努力减少种族/民族和社会阶层之间的健康差异至关重要。将从个别居民和自然环境收集数据，并将包括定性数据（参与者观察和焦点小组）；居民调查（N = 1000名居民）；环境评估（20个住宅发展项目内的1000个住宅单位）。因此，本研究的具体目的是：(1)描述居民的健康行为、住房开发中的有害环境暴露、住房开发中的社会条件和居民特征；(2)检查危险环境暴露、住房开发的社会条件和居民特征之间的关系；(3)考察危险环境暴露和社会条件与居民健康行为的关系；(4)将研究结果应用于低收入住房开发的癌症预防干预设计，以便在未来的试验中进行测试。清晰的假设说明了这里要研究的关联的性质。

Multiple and often interrelated behaviors increase cancer risk, including tobacco use, physical inactivity, and dietary patterns. Cancer risk-related behaviors are disproportionately concentrated in lower socioeconomic status groups and among some ethnic and racial minorities. These disparities reflect an array of underlying social and physical factors. Developing effective interventions to reduce these disparities requires an applied understanding of the day-to-day fabric of people's lives. The purpose of this study is to elucidate social and physical determinants of cancer risk-related behaviors within an ethnically diverse sample of residents of low-income housing, by applying a social contextual framework for understanding disparities in risk-related behaviors. This study will also use this information to develop a cancer prevention intervention for this setting, thereby laying a solid foundation for future intervention research. Housing developments hold significant promise as a setting for cancer prevention interventions and also offer opportunities to address potential environmental hazards. Understanding the nature and extent of residents' exposures to hazardous environmental and social conditions and the ways in which these factors are patterned by a range of important individual characteristics, is critical to efforts to reduce health disparities by race/ethnicity and social class. Data will be collected from individual residents and on the physical environment, and will include qualitative data (participant observation and focus groups); a Residents' Survey (N = 1000 residents); and an Environmental Assessment (N = 1000 housing units within 20 housing developments). Accordingly, the specific aims of this study are to: (1) describe residents' health behaviors, hazardous environmental exposures in the housing development, social conditions in the housing development, and resident characteristics; (2) examine associations among hazardous environmental exposures, social conditions at the housing development, and resident characteristics; (3) examine associations among hazardous environmental exposures and social conditions with resident health behaviors; and (4) apply the results of the study to the design of a cancer prevention intervention for low income housing developments, for testing in a future trial. Clearly articulated hypotheses specify the nature of associations to be examined here.