NHGRI/DIR Animal Research Infrastructure

根据OSD，OLAM支持NHGRI科学家的研究。这种支持的一个关键重点是对研究动物进行人道关怀和处理方面的培训。为此，他们制作了三张培训光盘，在世界各地发行：1)存活啮齿动物外科培训，这是NHGRI和动物保护和使用办公室(OACU)的联合项目；2)实验小鼠基本生物方法学培训，NHGRI资助和制作的项目也是OACU CD小鼠和大鼠人道束缚和实验技术的支柱；3)实验大鼠基本生物方法学培训，NHGRI目前正在制作的项目由AALAS基金会和NIH OACU提供部分资金。通过OLAM提供的培训确保所有动物处理符合NHGRI、NIH和联邦法规和指南，以继续保证AAALAC，International的全面认证。OLAM还制定和/或建议改进对实验动物的人道关怀和处理，并为研究人员提供这些改进方面的培训。除了OACU要求的在线或基于讲座的培训和动物暴露计划(AEP)的注册之外，NHGRI ACUC在被列入NHGRI动物研究方案(ASP)或通过修订被添加到ASP之前，还需要进行额外的培训。每个研究人员都被要求完成针对设施的培训。该培训包括进入设施的要求、正确的动物处理程序以及其他相关问题。动物项目主任(Apd)或她指定的人进行这项培训。研究人员还必须审查CD的相关部分，即“实验室小鼠基本生物方法学培训”。这张CD涵盖了在NHGRI执行的最常见的程序。这包括一般饲养、约束和处理、鉴定方法、基因分型、注射、采血、麻醉和止痛以及安乐死。NHGRI调查员手册还提供了在研究中对动物进行人道关怀和使用的信息。一旦审查了CD的相关部分，就会与警方或其指定人员进行一对一的亲身培训，以确保动物受到人道对待而不会伤害动物或训练员，并确保所使用的技能适用于正在进行的实验操作(S)。进行存活啮齿动物手术的个人也被要求观看CD，即由NHGRI和OACU开发并提供资金支持的“啮齿动物生存手术培训”。这张CD还包括转基因手术和基本缝合技术方面的特殊考虑。术前计划和培训是在制定方案时开始的。在此期间，外科医生的技能和可用的设施/设备由私人侦查局和警察局进行评估。如果研究人员对手术程序没有经验，则根据NHGRI的培训方案，在身体或终末麻醉的动物上使用apd进行培训，直到技术完善为止。一旦协议获得批准，警方就会与调查人员合作，确保无菌操作得到遵守。无论调查人员的专业水平如何，警方都会在所有手术第一次进行时对其进行观察。一旦初步培训完成，工作人员必须签署一份声明，说明已经阅读了动物研究提案，并理解了内容。他们还必须阅读NHGRI ACUC 03.1实验动物过敏预防计划(LAAPP)指南和所附的健康与安全部(DOHS)过敏手册。培训是一项持续的承诺，也是NHGRI的高度优先事项。OLAM每月举办各种实验技术(如约束、采血、注射、缝合等)的实践培训课程。此外，NHGRI apd还提供如上所述的个性化培训。NHGRI警察局几乎每天都会对调查员进行培训。如果警察局缺乏教授某一特定技术的专业知识，则由警察局和私家侦探共同负责寻找一名能够培训警察局和调查员的个人。所有使用麻醉药的NHGRI调查人员都接受了apd的培训，培训他们安全有效地使用麻醉药，并掌握适当的诱导、维持和恢复技术。使用吸入性麻醉剂的调查人员还接受了安全和适当的清除技术培训。这些技术也在实验室小鼠的生物方法学培训CD中进行了审查。所有NHGRI调查人员都在设施培训期间接受动物设施和apd或她指定的人的培训，培训内容为每个设施批准的安乐死方法。这项培训包括成人和新生儿。这些技术也在实验小鼠训练CD和NHGRI指南01.1和01.2啮齿动物安乐死和斑马鱼安乐死中进行了审查。所有培训都记录在OLAM培训文件中并保存在其中。

Under the OSD, the OLAM supports the research of NHGRI scientists. A critical focus of this support is training in the humane care and handling of research animals. To this end, they have created three training CDs that have enjoyed world-wide distribution: 1) Training in Survival Rodent Surgery, a joint project between the NHGRI and the office of Animal Care and Use (OACU); 2) Training in Basic Biomethodology for Laboratory Mice, an NHGRI funded and produced project that also serves as a backbone for the OACU CD Mouse & Rat Humane Restraint and Experimental Techniques; and 3) Training in Basic Biomethodology for Laboratory Rats, an NHGRI project currently under production that has been partially funded by the AALAS Foundation and the NIH OACU. The training offered through OLAM ensures that all animal handling is in compliance with NHGRI, NIH, and Federal regulations and guidelines for the continued assurance of full accreditation by the AAALAC, International. The OLAM also develops and/or recommends refinements in humane care and handling of laboratory animals and provides training to researchers in these refinements. In addition to the OACU-required on-line or lecture-based training and registering with the Animal Exposure Program (AEP), the NHGRI ACUC requires additional training prior to being listed on a NHGRI Animal Study Protocol (ASP) or being added to an ASP by amendment. Each research staff is required to complete facility-specific training. This training includes requirements for facility entry, proper animal handling procedures, and other related issues. The Animal Program Director (APD) or her designee performs this training. Research staff must also review the relevant sections of the CD, "Training in Basic Biomethodology for Laboratory Mice". This CD covers the most common procedures performed at NHGRI. This includes general husbandry, restraint and handling, identification methods, genotyping, injections, blood collection, anesthesia and analgesia, and euthanasia. The NHGRI Investigator Handbook also offers information on the humane care and use of animals in research. Once the relevant sections of the CD have been reviewed, hands-on, one-on-one training with the APD or her designee occurs to assure that animals are treated humanely without injury to the animal or handler and that skills are appropriate for the experimental manipulation(s) being performed. Individuals performing survival rodent surgery are also required to view the CD, "Training in Rodent Survival Surgery" developed and financially supported by the NHGRI and the OACU. This CD also covers special considerations in transgenic surgery and basic suturing techniques. Pre-surgical planning and training is initiated during protocol development. During this time, the surgeon's skills and the available facilities/equipment are assessed by the PI and APD. If the investigator is not experienced with the surgical procedure, training with the APD on cadaverous or terminally anesthetized animals is done under the NHGRI training protocol until the technique has been perfected. Once the protocol is approved, the APD works with the investigator to assure aseptic practices are followed. Regardless of the level of expertise of the investigator, the APD observes all surgeries when they are first performed. Once initial training is complete, the staff member must sign a statement saying the Animal Study Proposal has been read and the contents are understood. They must also read the NHGRI ACUC 03.1 Laboratory Animal Allergy Prevention Program (LAAPP) guideline and attached Division of Health and Safety (DOHS) allergy brochure. Training is an on-going commitment and a high priority at NHGRI. The OLAM conducts monthly hands-on training sessions in various experimental techniques (e.g., restraint, blood collection, injections, suturing, etc.). In addition, the NHGRI APD provides individualized training as described above. Investigator training with the NHGRI APD occurs on an almost daily basis. If the APD lacks the expertise to teach a particular technique, it is the joint responsibility of the APD and the PI to find an individual capable of training the APD and the investigator. All NHGRI investigators using anesthetics are trained by the APD in their safe and effective use and in the proper techniques for induction, maintenance and recovery. Investigators using inhalant anesthetics are also trained in safe and appropriate scavenging techniques. These techniques are also reviewed in the Biomethodology for Laboratory Mice training CD. All NHGRI investigators are trained by the animal facility and the APD, or her designee, during their facility training, in the approved methods of euthanasia for each facility. This training encompasses both adults and neonates. These techniques are also reviewed in the Biomethodology for Laboratory Mice training CD and the NHGRI Guidelines 01.1 and 01.2 Euthanasia of Rodents and Euthanasia of Zebrafish. All training is documented and maintained in the OLAM training file.