NHGRI/DIR Animal Research Infrastructure

在OSD下，OLAM支持NHGRI科学家的研究。这种支持的一个关键重点是在人道关怀和处理研究动物的培训。为此，他们制作了三张培训光盘，在世界范围内发行：1）啮齿动物生存手术培训，这是NHGRI和动物护理和使用办公室（OACU）之间的联合项目; 2）实验室小鼠基本生物方法学培训，这是NHGRI资助和制作的项目，也是OACU CD小鼠和大鼠人道约束和实验技术的支柱; 3）实验室大鼠基本生物方法学培训，这是目前正在实施的NHGRI项目，部分资金来自AALAS基金会和NIH OACU。通过OLAM提供的培训确保所有动物处理均符合NHGRI、NIH和联邦法规和指南，以继续确保获得AAALAC国际认证。OLAM还开发和/或建议改进实验室动物的人道护理和处理，并为研究人员提供这些改进的培训。除了OACU要求的在线或基于讲座的培训以及在动物暴露计划（AEP）中注册外，NHGRI ACUC在列入NHGRI动物研究方案（ASP）或通过修订添加到ASP之前还需要额外的培训。每个研究人员都必须完成特定机构的培训。该培训包括进入设施的要求、适当的动物处理程序和其他相关问题。由动物项目负责人（APD）或其指定人员执行此培训。 研究人员还必须审查CD的相关部分，“实验室小鼠基本生物方法学培训”。本CD涵盖了NHGRI最常见的手术。这包括一般饲养、约束和处理、识别方法、基因分型、注射、采血、麻醉和镇痛以及安乐死。NHGRI研究者手册还提供了关于人道关怀和研究中使用动物的信息。 审查CD的相关章节后，与APD或其指定人员进行动手、一对一培训，以确保动物得到人道对待，不会对动物或处理人员造成伤害，并且技能适用于正在进行的实验操作。 进行啮齿类动物生存手术的个人也需要观看由NHGRI和OACU开发和资助的CD“啮齿类动物生存手术培训”。这张光盘也包括在转基因手术和基本的基因治疗技术的特殊考虑。 在方案制定期间启动术前计划和培训。 在此期间，由PI和APD评估外科医生的技能和可用设施/设备。如果研究者没有手术经验，则根据NHGRI培训方案在尸体或终末麻醉动物上进行APD培训，直至技术完善。一旦方案获得批准，APD将与研究者合作，以确保遵循无菌操作。无论研究者的专业水平如何，APD都会在首次进行手术时观察所有手术。 一旦完成初始培训，工作人员必须签署一份声明，声明已阅读动物研究提案并理解其内容。 他们还必须阅读NHGRI ACUC 03.1实验室动物过敏预防计划（LAAPP）指南和随附的健康与安全部（DOHS）过敏手册。 培训是NHGRI的持续承诺和高度优先事项。OLAM每月举办各种实验技术的实践培训课程（例如，约束、采血、注射、麻醉等）。 此外，NHGRI APD提供如上所述的个性化培训。研究者几乎每天都接受NHGRI APD培训。如果APD缺乏教授特定技术的专业知识，则APD和PI共同负责寻找能够培训APD和研究者的人员。 所有使用麻醉剂的NHGRI研究者均接受APD的安全有效使用以及诱导、维持和恢复的适当技术培训。 使用吸入麻醉剂的研究者也接受了安全和适当清除技术的培训。 这些技术也在实验室小鼠训练CD的生物方法学中进行了综述。所有NHGRI研究者在机构培训期间接受动物机构和APD或其指定人员的培训，培训内容为每家机构批准的安乐死方法。这种培训包括成人和新生儿。这些技术也在实验室小鼠训练CD的生物方法学和NHGRI指南01.1和01.2啮齿动物安乐死和斑马鱼安乐死中进行了综述。所有培训均记录并保存在OLAM培训文件中。

Under the OSD, the OLAM supports the research of NHGRI scientists. A critical focus of this support is training in the humane care and handling of research animals. To this end, they have created three training CDs that have enjoyed world-wide distribution: 1) Training in Survival Rodent Surgery, a joint project between the NHGRI and the office of Animal Care and Use (OACU); 2) Training in Basic Biomethodology for Laboratory Mice, an NHGRI funded and produced project that also serves as a backbone for the OACU CD Mouse & Rat Humane Restraint and Experimental Techniques; and 3) Training in Basic Biomethodology for Laboratory Rats, an NHGRI project currently under production that has been partially funded by the AALAS Foundation and the NIH OACU. The training offered through OLAM ensures that all animal handling is in compliance with NHGRI, NIH, and Federal regulations and guidelines for the continued assurance of full accreditation by the AAALAC, International. The OLAM also develops and/or recommends refinements in humane care and handling of laboratory animals and provides training to researchers in these refinements. In addition to the OACU-required on-line or lecture-based training and registering with the Animal Exposure Program (AEP), the NHGRI ACUC requires additional training prior to being listed on a NHGRI Animal Study Protocol (ASP) or being added to an ASP by amendment. Each research staff is required to complete facility-specific training. This training includes requirements for facility entry, proper animal handling procedures, and other related issues. The Animal Program Director (APD) or her designee performs this training. Research staff must also review the relevant sections of the CD, "Training in Basic Biomethodology for Laboratory Mice". This CD covers the most common procedures performed at NHGRI. This includes general husbandry, restraint and handling, identification methods, genotyping, injections, blood collection, anesthesia and analgesia, and euthanasia. The NHGRI Investigator Handbook also offers information on the humane care and use of animals in research. Once the relevant sections of the CD have been reviewed, hands-on, one-on-one training with the APD or her designee occurs to assure that animals are treated humanely without injury to the animal or handler and that skills are appropriate for the experimental manipulation(s) being performed. Individuals performing survival rodent surgery are also required to view the CD, "Training in Rodent Survival Surgery" developed and financially supported by the NHGRI and the OACU. This CD also covers special considerations in transgenic surgery and basic suturing techniques. Pre-surgical planning and training is initiated during protocol development. During this time, the surgeon's skills and the available facilities/equipment are assessed by the PI and APD. If the investigator is not experienced with the surgical procedure, training with the APD on cadaverous or terminally anesthetized animals is done under the NHGRI training protocol until the technique has been perfected. Once the protocol is approved, the APD works with the investigator to assure aseptic practices are followed. Regardless of the level of expertise of the investigator, the APD observes all surgeries when they are first performed. Once initial training is complete, the staff member must sign a statement saying the Animal Study Proposal has been read and the contents are understood. They must also read the NHGRI ACUC 03.1 Laboratory Animal Allergy Prevention Program (LAAPP) guideline and attached Division of Health and Safety (DOHS) allergy brochure. Training is an on-going commitment and a high priority at NHGRI. The OLAM conducts monthly hands-on training sessions in various experimental techniques (e.g., restraint, blood collection, injections, suturing, etc.). In addition, the NHGRI APD provides individualized training as described above. Investigator training with the NHGRI APD occurs on an almost daily basis. If the APD lacks the expertise to teach a particular technique, it is the joint responsibility of the APD and the PI to find an individual capable of training the APD and the investigator. All NHGRI investigators using anesthetics are trained by the APD in their safe and effective use and in the proper techniques for induction, maintenance and recovery. Investigators using inhalant anesthetics are also trained in safe and appropriate scavenging techniques. These techniques are also reviewed in the Biomethodology for Laboratory Mice training CD. All NHGRI investigators are trained by the animal facility and the APD, or her designee, during their facility training, in the approved methods of euthanasia for each facility. This training encompasses both adults and neonates. These techniques are also reviewed in the Biomethodology for Laboratory Mice training CD and the NHGRI Guidelines 01.1 and 01.2 Euthanasia of Rodents and Euthanasia of Zebrafish. All training is documented and maintained in the OLAM training file.