Memory, Attention, and Default Mode Processes in Human Posteromedial Cortex

描述（由申请人提供）：人类大脑的特点是处理来自物理环境的信息和处理来自长期记忆的自发产生的信息之间的持续相互作用，这些信息以当前关注，未来计划，愿望和回忆的形式存在。这项提议旨在探索这种相互作用是如何通过特定的大脑结构实现的。为此，我们建议研究人类后内侧皮层（PMC）的功能，并确定其与外侧顶叶皮层（LPC）和内侧颞叶（MTL）结构的相互作用，已知的subserve注意力和记忆。PMC是大脑结构的重要组成部分，其在执行外部定向注意任务期间表现出活动减少，而在受试者不参与任何外部互动和他们的思想徘徊时的休息状态期间表现出较高的活动。迄今为止，PMC功能在人脑中的神经生理学相关性，包括其解剖学和时间特异性，仍然未被探索。我们将通过直接监测和可逆地改变植入颅内电极的清醒人类受试者在注意力和记忆的认知任务期间PMC的活动来解决这一知识缺口，作为常规术前癫痫评估的一部分。拟议的工作将是第一个 将联合收割机直接皮层电描记术（ECoG）和脑电刺激（EBS）结合在人类PMC中。将以高时间分辨率和个体受试者解剖学精度直接记录每个PMC亚区的神经生理学活动，并将对其进行改变，以测试注意力和记忆条件下PMC每个亚区中“短暂病变”的影响。我们的总体框架是，两个PMC子区域，即后扣带皮层（PCC）和压后皮层（RSC），有非重叠的作用和选择性的相互作用，分别与网络的注意力和记忆。由此产生的进展有望阐明与注意力缺陷障碍、自闭症、癫痫和痴呆患者的PMC功能障碍相关的缺陷。 公共卫生相关性：人类大脑的特点是处理来自物理环境的信息和处理来自长期记忆的自发产生的信息之间的持续相互作用。这项提议旨在探索这种相互作用是如何通过特定的大脑结构实现的。由此产生的进展有望阐明与注意力缺陷障碍、自闭症、癫痫和痴呆患者的PMC功能障碍相关的缺陷。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Human mind is hallmarked by a continuous interplay between processing information from the physical environment and processing spontaneously generated information from long-term memory in the form of current concerns, future plans, wishes and recollections. This proposal aims to explore how this interplay is made possible by specific brain structures. For this purpose, we propose to study the function of the human posteromedial cortex (PMC) and determine its interaction with lateral parietal cortex (LPC) and medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures known to subserve attention and memory. The PMC is an important part of the brain structures that demonstrate reduced activity during the performance of externally directed attention tasks, while demonstrating higher activity during resting states when subjects are not engaged in any external interactions and when their minds wander. To date, the neurophysiological correlates of PMC function in the human brain, including its anatomical and temporal specificity, remain unexplored. We will address this gap of knowledge by directly monitoring and reversibly altering the activity of the PMC during cognitive tasks of attention and memory in conscious human subjects who are implanted with intracranial electrodes, as part of routine presurgical epilepsy evaluation. The proposed work will be the first to combine direct electrocorticography (ECoG) and electrical brain stimulation (EBS) in the human PMC. The neurophysiological activity of each PMC subregion will be directly recorded with high temporal resolution and individual subject anatomical precision, and will be altered to test the effect of 'transient lesions' in each subregion of the PMC during attention and memory conditions. Our overarching framework is that two PMC subregions, namely the posterior cingulated cortex (PCC) and the retrosplenial cortex (RSC), have non-overlapping roles and selective interactions with the networks of attention and memory, respectively. The resulting progress promises to shed light on the deficits associated with PMC dysfunction, in patients with attention deficit disorders, autism, epilepsy, and dementia. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Human mind is hallmarked by a continuous interplay between processing information from the physical environment and processing spontaneously generated information from long-term memory. This proposal aims to explore how this interplay is made possible by specific brain structures. The resulting progress promises to shed light on the deficits associated with PMC dysfunction, in patients with attention deficit disorders, autism, epilepsy, and dementia.