Genetic and Chemical Biological Studies of a Novel Wnt Inhibitor Tiki2

描述（由申请人提供）：骨质疏松症和骨折是全球性的健康问题。确定新的治疗靶点和策略至关重要。分泌蛋白的Wnt家族的信号传导已成为人类骨量调节的关键途径，因为Wnt辅助受体LRP 5中的功能丧失和“功能获得”突变分别与家族性骨质疏松症和高骨量疾病相关。Wnt/LRP 5信号主要调节成骨细胞谱系和骨生成，为刺激骨生长的治疗提供了潜在途径。显著分泌的Wnt拮抗剂在骨中表达并局部调节Wnt/LRP 5信号传导，从而提供特异性靶向骨的治疗机会。事实上，硬化蛋白，骨细胞特异性分泌因子，结合并抑制LRP 5，已成为骨质疏松症的关键药物靶标。我们已经鉴定了一个新的Wnt拮抗剂家族，称为Tiki蛋白，其可能是在免疫后修饰和修饰Wnt配体的新型酶。我们已经产生了Tiki 2-/-突变小鼠，令人惊讶的是，它们是可行的，但表现出高骨量，这表明Tiki 2，像硬化蛋白一样，是骨稳态的重要负调节因子。由于其酶活性，人TIKI 2可能是用于骨质疏松症的潜在治疗干预的小分子抑制剂的理想靶标。我们提出了四个目的来研究Tiki 2在骨生物学中的作用和潜在的治疗意义。在目标1中，我们将采用组织学、生物化学和生物力学方法表征Tiki 2-/-突变小鼠的高骨量表型。我们还将详细研究Tiki 2在骨细胞类型中的表达，其通过合成代谢和机械刺激在骨中的调节。在目标2中，我们将通过细胞类型特异性和他莫昔芬诱导型Cre系产生在骨中和成年期具有条件性Tiki 2缺失的突变小鼠。这些研究将确定Tiki 2在骨骼和衰老过程中的作用部位和阶段。在目的3中，我们将研究人TIKI 2（和TIKI 1）骨相关的功能和生化特性在体外。我们将研究TIKI 2和TIKI 1在骨中的表达，并研究TIKI 2和TIKI 1是否调节人成骨细胞样细胞系中的骨形成，并表征在骨量调节中被TIKI蛋白修饰/失活的特异性Wnt蛋白。在目标4中，我们将通过化合物筛选鉴定TIKI 2的小分子抑制剂，并评估其在体外和体内骨生长刺激中的潜力。作为一类具有酶活性的新型Wnt拮抗剂，TIKI蛋白是小分子抑制剂用于实验操作和治疗干预的理想靶点。我们将进行高通量化合物筛选，以确定Tiki 2抑制剂在刺激骨生长中的潜在应用。这些研究共同代表了通过遗传、生物化学和化学生物学方法对TIKI在骨生物学中的功能进行的全面分析，并可能发现潜在的骨质疏松症和骨再生的新疗法。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Osteoporosis and bone fractures are global health problems. Identification of new therapeutic targets and strategies are of paramount importance. Signaling by the Wnt family of secreted proteins has emerged as a key pathway for human bone mass regulation, as loss-of-function and 'gain-of-function' mutations in Wnt coreceptor LRP5 are associated with familial osteoporosis and high bone mass diseases, respectively. Wnt/LRP5 signaling primarily regulates the osteoblast lineage and bone generation, providing a potential avenue for therapeutics that stimulates bone growth. Remarkably secreted Wnt antagonists are expressed in bone and modulate Wnt/LRP5 signaling locally, and thus offer treatment opportunities targeting bone specifically. Indeed Sclerostin, an osteocyte-specific secreted factor that binds to and inhibits LRP5, has become a key drug target for osteoporosis. We have identified a new family of Wnt antagonists, referred to as Tiki proteins, which likely are novel enzymes that post-translationally modify and inactivate Wnt ligands. We have generated Tiki2-/- mutant mice, which surprisingly are viable but exhibit high bone mass, suggesting that Tiki2, like Sclerostin, is an important negative regulator of bone homeostasis. Because of its enzymatic activity human TIKI2 may be an ideal target for small molecule inhibitors for potential therapeutic intervention for osteoporosis. We propose four aims to investigate the role of Tiki2 in bone biology and potential therapeutic implications. In Aim 1, we will characterize the high bone mass phenotype of Tiki2-/- mutant mice, employing histological, biochemical and biomechanical methods. We will also examine in details the expression of Tiki2 in bone cell types, its regulation in bone by anabolic and mechanical stimuli. In Aim 2, we will generate mutant mice with conditional Tiki2 deletion in the bone and in the adulthood via cell type- specific and a tamoxifen-inducible Cre lines. These studies will define the site and stage of Tiki2 action in bone and in the aging process. In Aim 3, we will investigate human TIKI2 (and TIKI1) bone-related functions and biochemical properties in vitro. We will investigate TIKI2 and TIKI1 expression in bone, and study whether TIKI2 and TIKI1 regulates bone formation in human osteoblast-like cell lines, and characterize the specific Wnt proteins that are modified/inactivated by TIKI proteins in bone mass regulation. In Aim 4, we will identify small molecule inhibitors of TIKI2 via chemical compound screening and to evaluate their potential in bone growth stimulation in vitro and in vivo. As a new class of Wnt antagonists with an enzymatic activity, TIKI proteins are ideal targets for small molecule inhibitors for use in experimental manipulation and therapeutic intervention. We will perform a high throughput chemical compound screen to identify Tiki2 inhibitors for their potential applications in stimulating bone growth. These studies together represent a comprehensive analysis of TIKI function in bone biology via genetic, biochemical and chemical biological methods, and may discover potential novel therapeutics for osteoporosis and bone regeneration.