DWI: Targeted Risk for Better Targeted Policies

描述（由申请人提供）： 翻译后摘要：酒精相关的机动车死亡人数不再下降，甚至在美国增加。有人认为，这种拖延的部分原因是现行政策效率低下，特别是现行酒精政策和预防工作未能惠及一些弱势群体。酒精政策，如本身的法律，已颁布的基础上，十年前的估计相对风险的司机面临的。一些群体可能处于更高的风险中（例如，女性）。一些相关驾驶员群体的明确相对风险估计是未知的（例如，重复DWI罪犯）。正在进行的辩论（例如涉及将允许的BAC阈值从0.08降至0.05或在特定威慑和一般威慑计划之间有效分配资源的辩论）将受益于本研究。 这项拟议的研究将利用最近提供的一个独特的数据集，提供有关不同驾驶员群体对酒精相关事故的脆弱性的更有针对性的信息，确定风险越来越高的群体，并估计如果针对这些群体实施政策，可以避免的最大事故数量。特别感兴趣的群体包括18至20岁的司机、有DWI前科的司机、女性司机、0.05dBACd.08的司机、有乘客的司机、有15岁及以下乘客的司机以及白人以外的种族/族裔群体的司机。这一信息应有助于决策者制定更有效、更有针对性的对策。 公共卫生相关性： 公共卫生相关声明：这项研究将确定目前处于危险中的群体，并估计如果针对这些群体实施政策，可以避免的最大撞车次数。这些信息将有助于澄清正在进行的政策辩论，因此有助于决策者制定更有效、更有针对性的对策。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Abstract: Alcohol-related motor-vehicle fatalities are no longer declining and are even increasing in the United States. It has been suggested that this stalling is partially due to inefficiencies in current policies, in particular the failure of current alcohol policies and prevention efforts to reach some vulnerable groups. Alcohol policies, such as per se laws, have been enacted based on decade-old estimates of the relative risks that drivers face. Some groups may be at a higher risk (e.g., females). Clear relative risk estimates for some relevant groups of drivers are unknown (e.g., repeat DWI offenders). Ongoing debates (such as those involving the reduction of the permissible BAC threshold from .08 to .05 or to efficiently allocate resources between specific deterrence and general deterrence programs) will benefit from this study. This proposed study will take advantage of a unique data set recently made available to provide more targeted information about the vulnerability of different groups of drivers to alcohol-related crashes, identify groups increasingly at risk, and estimate the maximum number of crashes that could be avoided if policies targeted to these groups were implemented. Among the groups of special interest are drivers aged 18 to 20, drivers with prior DWI convictions, drivers who are female, drivers at .05dBACd.08, drivers with a passenger, drivers with passengers aged 15 and younger, and drivers of racial/ethnic groups other than Whites. This information should be useful to policymakers in designing more efficient, better targeted countermeasures. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE STATEMENT: This study will identify groups currently at risk and estimate the maximum number of crashes that could be avoided if policies targeted to these groups were implemented. This information will help to clarify ongoing policy debates and, therefore, will be useful to policymakers in designing more efficient, better targeted countermeasures.