DWI: Targeted Risk for Better Targeted Policies

描述(由申请人提供)： 摘要：在美国，与酒精有关的机动车死亡人数不再下降，甚至还在上升。有人提出，这种停滞不前的部分原因是现行政策效率低下，特别是现行酒精政策和预防工作未能惠及一些弱势群体。酒精政策，如本身的法律，是基于十年前对司机面临的相对风险的估计而制定的。有些群体的风险可能更高(例如，女性)。一些相关司机群体的明确相对风险估计是未知的(例如，重复酒后驾车违规者)。正在进行的辩论(如涉及将允许的BAC阈值从0.08降至0.05或在具体威慑和一般威慑计划之间有效分配资源的辩论)将从这项研究中受益。这项拟议的研究将利用最近提供的一个独特的数据集，以提供关于不同司机群体对与酒精有关的车祸的脆弱性的更有针对性的信息，识别日益危险的群体，并估计如果针对这些群体的政策得到实施，可以避免的最大车祸数量。在特别感兴趣的群体中，有18岁至20岁的司机，有酒后驾车前科的司机，女性司机，0.05dBACd.08的司机，有乘客的司机，15岁及以下乘客的司机，以及白人以外的种族/民族司机。这些信息应有助于政策制定者制定更有效、更有针对性的对策。 公共卫生相关性： 公共卫生相关声明：这项研究将确定目前处于风险中的群体，并估计如果针对这些群体的政策得到实施，可以避免的最大撞车事故数量。这些信息将有助于澄清正在进行的政策辩论，因此将有助于政策制定者制定更有效、更有针对性的对策。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Abstract: Alcohol-related motor-vehicle fatalities are no longer declining and are even increasing in the United States. It has been suggested that this stalling is partially due to inefficiencies in current policies, in particular the failure of current alcohol policies and prevention efforts to reach some vulnerable groups. Alcohol policies, such as per se laws, have been enacted based on decade-old estimates of the relative risks that drivers face. Some groups may be at a higher risk (e.g., females). Clear relative risk estimates for some relevant groups of drivers are unknown (e.g., repeat DWI offenders). Ongoing debates (such as those involving the reduction of the permissible BAC threshold from .08 to .05 or to efficiently allocate resources between specific deterrence and general deterrence programs) will benefit from this study. This proposed study will take advantage of a unique data set recently made available to provide more targeted information about the vulnerability of different groups of drivers to alcohol-related crashes, identify groups increasingly at risk, and estimate the maximum number of crashes that could be avoided if policies targeted to these groups were implemented. Among the groups of special interest are drivers aged 18 to 20, drivers with prior DWI convictions, drivers who are female, drivers at .05dBACd.08, drivers with a passenger, drivers with passengers aged 15 and younger, and drivers of racial/ethnic groups other than Whites. This information should be useful to policymakers in designing more efficient, better targeted countermeasures. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE STATEMENT: This study will identify groups currently at risk and estimate the maximum number of crashes that could be avoided if policies targeted to these groups were implemented. This information will help to clarify ongoing policy debates and, therefore, will be useful to policymakers in designing more efficient, better targeted countermeasures.