Alcohol and other drugs: Crash risk for different groups of drivers

酒精和其他药物：不同驾驶员群体的碰撞风险

• 批准号: 8960700
• 负责人: EDUARDO O ROMANO
• 金额: $ 19.48万
• 依托单位: PACIFIC INSTITUTE FOR RES AND EVALUATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-07-10 至 2017-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8960700
• 关键词: Accidents; Accounting; Address; Age; Alcohols; Attention; Attitude; Behavior; Behavioral; Case-Control Studies; Censuses; Data; Data Analyses; Data Set; Databases; Devices; Electronics; Ethnic group; Evolution; Face; Failure; Female; Funding; Funding Mechanisms; Future; Gender; Heavy Drinking; Information Systems; Interest Group; Latina; Laws; Link; Marijuana; Mexican; Minor; Motor Vehicles; NIH Program Announcements; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; Paper; Pattern; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Policies; Population Attributable Risks; Population Group; Race; Rage; Relative (related person); Relative Risks; Reporting; Research; Resource Allocation; Resources; Risk; Risk Estimate; Sample Size; Series; Shapes; Surveys; System; United States; Update; Youth; alcohol and other drug; alcohol epidemiology; alcohol risk; base; design; drinking; driving under influence; effective therapy; high risk; inattention; marijuana user; neglect; novel; prevent; programs; public health relevance; public policy on alcohol; racial and ethnic; sobriety; trend; young woman

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Alcohol-related motor vehicle fatalities are no longer declining, but are even increasing in the United States. It has been suggested that this increase in fatalities is partially due to inefficiencies in current policies, in particular a failure to acount for new forms of risks (e.g., alcohol and texting, alcohol and marijuana) and behavioral changes by some population groups previously viewed as being at a low risk of alcohol-related crashes (e.g., young female drivers, Latinas). Simply stated: Some current driving-under-the-influence (DUI) policies may be outdated. Extant DUI laws are based on DUI risk estimates that are nearly two decades old and may not capture the DUI risk that some group of drivers might currently face (e.g., young female drivers; alcohol and marijuana users). Failure to acknowledge the actual risks some population groups are now facing may have contributed to current policies' failure to properly address such risks. This application responds to the program announcement PA-14-338, Secondary Analyses of Existing Alcohol Epidemiology Data (R21), by taking advantage of two unique and recent datasets: the 2007 and 2013 National Roadside Surveys (NRSs) in conjunction with matching fatal crashes in the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS, a census of U.S. fatal crashes) to analyze data on the relative risk of selected drivers. The matching of the two most recent NRSs with pertinent FARS data will allow a case-control study that will yield a comprehensive estimation of alcohol-related fatal crash risk (alone and/or in conjunction with marijuana) for specific groups of drivers, as well as an estimation of the maximum number of fatal crashes that could be avoided if corrections to extant policies were made or new policies targeted to the groups at risk were implemented. In summary, this submission focuses on informing policymakers about key target groups of high-risk drivers, particularly those neglected in prior studies. At stake is the efficient use of increasingly scarce resources, for the targeted risk estimates provided by this study will be applied to the design of new laws and programs.

 描述（由申请人提供）：在美国，与酒精有关的机动车死亡人数不再下降，甚至还在增加。有人认为，死亡人数增加的部分原因是现行政策效率低下，特别是未能考虑到新形式的风险（例如，酒精和发短信，酒精和大麻）以及先前被认为处于酒精相关的撞车的低风险的一些人群的行为变化（例如，年轻的女司机，拉丁裔）。简单地说：目前的一些影响下驾驶（DUI）政策可能已经过时。 现有的DUI法律是基于近二十年的DUI风险估计，可能没有捕捉到某些驾驶员群体目前可能面临的DUI风险（例如，年轻女性司机;酒精和大麻使用者）。不承认某些人口群体目前面临的实际风险，可能是现行政策未能妥善应对这些风险的原因之一。 该应用程序响应计划公告PA-14-338，现有酒精流行病学数据的二次分析（R21），利用两个独特的最新数据集：2007年和2013年国家路边调查（NRS），以及死亡分析报告系统中的致命事故（法尔斯，美国致命车祸的普查）来分析选定司机的相对风险数据。将两个最新的NRS与相关的法尔斯数据相匹配，将允许进行病例对照研究，该研究将产生与酒精相关的致命车祸风险的综合估计（单独 和/或与大麻结合），以及如果对现有政策进行纠正或实施针对风险群体的新政策，则可以避免的致命碰撞的最大数量的估计。 总之，本报告的重点是向决策者通报高风险驱动因素的主要目标群体，特别是那些在以往研究中被忽视的群体。问题的关键是如何有效地利用日益稀缺的 本研究提供的有针对性的风险估计将应用于新法律和方案的设计。