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Changing Lanes, Changing Times ? the Risks Facing Female Drivers Today

改变车道、改变时间？

基本信息

批准号：
7844154
负责人：
EDUARDO O ROMANO
金额：
$ 0.68万
依托单位：
PACIFIC INSTITUTE FOR RES AND EVALUATION
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2009-06-01 至 2009-10-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7844154
关键词：
Acculturation Address Affect Age Asians Attention Attitude Australia Automobile Driving Behavior Censuses Child Code Country Data Data Set Drunk driving Ethnic group Europe Evolution Face Failure Female Finland Future Goals Hand Information Systems Injury Insurance International Internet Knowledge Latino Laws Lead Measures Mediating Methods Michigan Modeling New Zealand Ohio Pacific Island Americans Policies Prevention Probability Race Relative (related person)Reporting Research Risk Risk Estimate Risk-Taking Role Safety Signal Transduction Societies Speed Subgroup Surveys System Time United Kingdom United States Vehicle crash Vulnerable Populations Woman Women&apos s Group Young driver age group base design drinking driving behavior inattention injured insight killings male men middle age news older women public health relevance racial and ethnic skills socioeconomics trafficking trend

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Although men have long held the lead in motor vehicle crashes (MVCs), recent international research indicates that women, particularly young female drivers, are closing the gap. The relative increase in females involved in crashes has been associated with an increase in crash exposure, together with other mediating factors such as problems in vehicle handling, mastering traffic situations, and changes in attitudes toward risk. The goal of this proposed study is to perform a secondary analysis of large, national datasets to identify the age/race/ethnic groups of females increasingly vulnerable to the risk of being involved in MVCs (under different driving conditions and behaviors). Based on a limited version of the Hierarchical Levels of Driving Behavior's model, this proposed study will take advantage of the rich crash-related information provided by the 1990-2004 Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), Crashworthiness Data System (CDS), and General Estimates System (GES) to identify the groups of females at risk. After including relevant geographical, US Census-based information to these files via zip code identifiers, a General Latent Variable Model (GLVM) will be applied. Finally, with the information at hand, we will apply a decomposition method to estimate the probability of crash injuries at each of the three hierarchical levels in our conceptual model: "vehicle maneuvering" (i.e., inadequate basic driving skills), "mastering traffic situations" (e.g., failure to obey a traffic law); and "goals and context of driving" (e.g., drink and drive). This understanding will be a crucial contribution to the design of future research aimed at realizing the reasons why some age and race/ethnic groups and subgroups of female drivers are at an increasing risk of MVC injuries. Public Health Relevance Statement -- This study will evaluate the risk of motor vehicle crash (MVC) for women of different age and race/ethnic groups. By identifying those groups of women at an increasing risk, this study will contribute to the design of efficient prevention policies tailored specifically to this most at-risk group.

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管男性长期以来一直在机动车碰撞事故 (MVC) 中处于领先地位，但最近的国际研究表明，女性，特别是年轻女司机，正在缩小这一差距。发生车祸的女性相对增加与车祸暴露率的增加有关，此外还有其他中介因素，例如车辆操控问题、掌握交通状况以及对风险态度的变化。这项拟议研究的目标是对大型国家数据集进行二次分析，以确定越来越容易受到卷入 MVC 风险的女性年龄/种族/族裔群体（在不同的驾驶条件和行为下）。基于驾驶行为分层模型的有限版本，本研究将利用 1990-2004 年死亡分析报告系统 (FARS)、耐撞性数据系统 (CDS) 和一般估计系统 (GES) 提供的丰富的碰撞相关信息来识别处于危险中的女性群体。通过邮政编码标识符将相关地理、基于美国人口普查的信息包含到这些文件中后，将应用通用潜变量模型 (GLVM)。最后，根据现有信息，我们将应用分解方法来估计概念模型中三个层次中每一个层次的碰撞伤害概率：“车辆操纵”（即基本驾驶技能不足）、“掌握交通状况”（例如不遵守交通法规）；以及“驾驶的目标和背景”（例如酒后驾驶）。这种理解将对未来研究的设计做出至关重要的贡献，该研究旨在了解为什么某些年龄和种族/族裔群体以及女性驾驶员亚群体遭受 MVC 伤害的风险增加的原因。公共卫生相关性声明——本研究将评估不同年龄和种族/族裔群体的女性发生机动车碰撞 (MVC) 的风险。通过确定风险增加的女性群体，这项研究将有助于设计专门针对这一风险最高群体的有效预防政策。