Pooling of Prospective Studies of Diet and Cancer

我们建议检查饮食因素与晚期前列腺癌风险之间的关系， 雌激素受体阴性乳腺癌和神经胶质瘤的前瞻性饮食研究汇总项目 和癌症（汇集项目），一个由27项前瞻性队列研究组成的联盟。每项研究均符合以下要求 纳入标准：采用前瞻性研究设计，使用经验证的饮食评估评估日常饮食 方法，并满足最低数量的事件案例。这些研究在北美进行 （n=18）、欧洲（n=6）、亚洲（n=2）和澳大利亚（n=1），其中834，339例男性（n=14项研究）和1，364，231例 女性（n=23项研究）参与者。在这些研究的随访期间，5，503例晚期前列腺癌（ 将分别作为C期和D期或Gleason评分>7进行分析），5，484雌激素受体 阴性乳腺癌和2，516例胶质瘤病例。对于晚期前列腺癌， 与乳制品，钙，维生素D，肉类，脂肪，水果，蔬菜，维生素E和身体质量指数将 考察对于雌激素受体阴性乳腺癌，分析将评估水果，蔬菜， 酒精对于神经胶质瘤，与维生素D、C和E、加工肉类、鱼类、脂肪、水果、蔬菜， 酒精将被分析。将合并项目扩大到这些中度或低度恶性肿瘤 发病率将利用该项目的统计能力。此外，由于个人 研究将不被要求发表在特定的协会正在审查，出版偏见 在这些分析中将避免。我们将使用标准化的 跨研究的方法，以便定义和建模暴露、协变量和结局 在研究中一致。这种标准化的方法将减少研究间的潜在来源 异质性分析还将评估相关性是否被其他风险因素改变， 性别、种族、年龄、吸烟习惯和其他饮食因素，以确定可能 在较小的研究中没有发现。因为汇集项目包括人口与 不同的饮食，可以检查的摄入量范围将比个别研究更广泛，进一步 增加研究的统计功效。每年的会议，和频繁的沟通， 调查人员将协助分析和解释调查结果。这些分析将全面 已经收集的大量数据的优势，为饮食和营养之间的关系提供了有力的见解。 晚期前列腺癌、雌激素受体阴性乳腺癌、神经胶质瘤、癌症部位 这在一些前瞻性研究中已经得到了检验。该项目提供了一种具有高度成本效益的方法 以详细、标准化的方式评估这些紧迫问题，以得出有力的结论， 直接临床和公众相关性。

We propose to examine the association between dietary factors and risk of advanced prostate cancer, estrogen receptor negative breast cancer, and gliomas in the Pooling Project of Prospective Studies of Diet and Cancer (Pooling Project), a consortium of 27 prospective cohort studies. Each study met the following inclusion criteria: used a prospective study design, assessed usual diet using a validated dietary assessment method, and met the minimum number of incident cases. The studies were conducted in North America (n=18), Europe (n=6), Asia (n=2), and Australia (n=1) with 834,339 male (n=14 studies) and 1,364,231 female (n=23 studies) participants. During follow-up of these studies, 5,503 advanced prostate cancer (which will be analyzed separately as either stage C and D or as Gleason score >7), 5,484 estrogen receptor negative breast cancer, and 2,516 glioma cases were identified. For advanced prostate cancer, associations with dairy foods, calcium, vitamin D, meat, fat, fruits, vegetables, vitamin E, and body mass index will be examined. For estrogen receptor negative breast cancer, analyses will evaluate fruits, vegetables, and alcohol. For gliomas, associations with vitamins D, C, and E, processed meat, fish, fat, fruits, vegetables, and alcohol will be analyzed. Expansion of the Pooling Project to these cancers with intermediate or low incidence rates will take advantage of the statistical power of this project. In addition, because individual studies will not be required to have published on the specific associations being examined, publication bias will be avoided in these analyses. We will recode the primary data from each study using a standardized approach across studies so that the exposures, covariates, and outcomes will be defined and modeled consistently across studies. This standardized approach will reduce potential sources of between-studies heterogeneity. Analyses will also evaluate whether associationsare modified by other risk factors including sex, ethnicity, age, smoking habits, and other dietary factors to identify potential high-risk groups that may not otherwise be identified in smaller studies. Because the Pooling Project includes populations with different diets, the range of intakes that can be examined will be wider than in individual studies, further increasing the statistical power of the study. The annual meetings, and frequent communication among investigators, will facilitate the analyses and interpretation of the findings. These analyses will take full advantage of extensive data already collected to provide powerful insights into the relation between diet and the risk of advanced prostate cancer, estrogen receptor negative breast cancer, and gliomas, cancer sites that have been examined in few prospective studies. This project provides a highly cost-effective approach to evaluate these pressing issues in a detailed, standardized manner, to yield robust findings that have immediate clinical and public relevance.