Pooling of Prospective Studies of Diet and Cancer

我们建议研究饮食因素与晚期前列腺癌风险之间的关系， 饮食前瞻性研究中的雌激素受体阴性乳腺癌和神经胶质瘤 和癌症(汇集项目)，这是一个由27项前瞻性队列研究组成的联盟。每项研究都满足以下要求 纳入标准：采用前瞻性研究设计，使用有效的饮食评估评估日常饮食 方法，并满足最小事故案例数。这些研究是在北美进行的 (n=18)、欧洲(n=6)、亚洲(n=2)和澳大利亚(n=1)，有834,339名男性(n=14项研究)和1,364,231名 女性(n=23)受试者。在这些研究的后续研究中，5,503名晚期前列腺癌( 将分别作为C期和D期或格里森评分和5,484雌激素受体进行分析 阴性乳腺癌和2,516例神经胶质瘤病例被确认。对于晚期前列腺癌，协会 有了奶制品，钙、维生素D、肉类、脂肪、水果、蔬菜、维生素E和体重指数都会 检查过了。对于雌激素受体阴性的乳腺癌，分析将评估水果、蔬菜和 酒精。对于胶质瘤，与维生素D、C和E、加工肉类、鱼、脂肪、水果、蔬菜、 酒精将会被分析。将汇集计划扩大到中低度癌症 发病率将利用该项目的统计能力。此外，因为个人 研究将不需要关于被检查的特定关联的发表，发表偏向 在这些分析中将被避免。我们将使用标准化的方法重新编码每项研究的主要数据 跨研究方法，以便对暴露、协变量和结果进行定义和建模 在所有研究中都是一致的。这种标准化的方法将减少研究间期的潜在来源 异质性。分析还将评估关联性是否受到其他风险因素的影响，包括 性别、种族、年龄、吸烟习惯和其他饮食因素，以确定可能 在较小的研究中不能以其他方式确定。因为Pooling Project包括具有 不同的饮食，可以检查的摄入量范围将比个别研究更广泛，进一步 增强研究的统计力量。一年一度的会议，以及各国之间的频繁沟通 调查人员将协助对调查结果进行分析和解释。这些分析将需要充分考虑 利用已经收集的大量数据，提供对饮食和饮食之间关系的强有力的见解 晚期前列腺癌、雌激素受体阴性乳腺癌和胶质瘤的风险 在很少的前瞻性研究中得到了检验。该项目提供了一种极具成本效益的方法 以详细、标准化的方式评估这些紧迫的问题，以产生可靠的结果 与临床和公众直接相关。

We propose to examine the association between dietary factors and risk of advanced prostate cancer, estrogen receptor negative breast cancer, and gliomas in the Pooling Project of Prospective Studies of Diet and Cancer (Pooling Project), a consortium of 27 prospective cohort studies. Each study met the following inclusion criteria: used a prospective study design, assessed usual diet using a validated dietary assessment method, and met the minimum number of incident cases. The studies were conducted in North America (n=18), Europe (n=6), Asia (n=2), and Australia (n=1) with 834,339 male (n=14 studies) and 1,364,231 female (n=23 studies) participants. During follow-up of these studies, 5,503 advanced prostate cancer (which will be analyzed separately as either stage C and D or as Gleason score >7), 5,484 estrogen receptor negative breast cancer, and 2,516 glioma cases were identified. For advanced prostate cancer, associations with dairy foods, calcium, vitamin D, meat, fat, fruits, vegetables, vitamin E, and body mass index will be examined. For estrogen receptor negative breast cancer, analyses will evaluate fruits, vegetables, and alcohol. For gliomas, associations with vitamins D, C, and E, processed meat, fish, fat, fruits, vegetables, and alcohol will be analyzed. Expansion of the Pooling Project to these cancers with intermediate or low incidence rates will take advantage of the statistical power of this project. In addition, because individual studies will not be required to have published on the specific associations being examined, publication bias will be avoided in these analyses. We will recode the primary data from each study using a standardized approach across studies so that the exposures, covariates, and outcomes will be defined and modeled consistently across studies. This standardized approach will reduce potential sources of between-studies heterogeneity. Analyses will also evaluate whether associationsare modified by other risk factors including sex, ethnicity, age, smoking habits, and other dietary factors to identify potential high-risk groups that may not otherwise be identified in smaller studies. Because the Pooling Project includes populations with different diets, the range of intakes that can be examined will be wider than in individual studies, further increasing the statistical power of the study. The annual meetings, and frequent communication among investigators, will facilitate the analyses and interpretation of the findings. These analyses will take full advantage of extensive data already collected to provide powerful insights into the relation between diet and the risk of advanced prostate cancer, estrogen receptor negative breast cancer, and gliomas, cancer sites that have been examined in few prospective studies. This project provides a highly cost-effective approach to evaluate these pressing issues in a detailed, standardized manner, to yield robust findings that have immediate clinical and public relevance.