A Web-Based Survey of Daily Experienced Well-Being in Older Couples

描述(申请人提供)：随着政策制定者寻找指数来补充现有的以人口为基础的经济指标，人们对调查幸福感的指标产生了新的兴趣，这些指标反映了人们对自己生活环境的想法和感受。例如，Kahneman和他的同事(2004)开发了一种日子重建方法(DRM)，它将对情感体验的评估与昨天活动的详细时间日记结合在一起。DRM提供有关体验的在线信息，这与全球幸福报告不同。包括我们(Robust：Rc1 AG035576-02)在内的几个研究团队已经独立开发和测试了适用于大型代表性老年人调查(如健康和退休研究(HRS))的简短CATI/CAPI幸福感调查指标。然而，2012-2016年的HRS续签提出了新的挑战，使这一措施适应网络模式，并考虑到夫妻之间数据依赖的影响。HRS采访了年长家庭中的双方。到目前为止，关于体验幸福感的研究只采访了个人。这个项目的目标有三个。它们解决了重要的方法论和概念问题，涉及全球和经验幸福感测量中的模式和耦合效应。首先，我们利用2008至2011年间收集的可用的HRS数据，通过三种模式(电话、面对面、网络)检查老年夫妇双方对全球福祉的回答的可比性。HRS数据的这一星座提供了一个独特的机会，可以在代表50岁以上人口的子样本中进行组间和个人(夫妇)模式的比较分析。其次，我们对当地招募的老年夫妇样本进行了随机实验，以探索体验幸福感的模式和夫妇效应。这项研究将使用体验幸福感的新的短期衡量标准，包括在未来的HRS浪潮中。因为年龄、性别、种族、教育程度、健康状况和50岁以后的认知衰退可能与幸福感测量的方式和类型相互作用，所以我们将在对次要数据和实验的分析中检验这些因素。第三，在一项为期7天的试验性日记研究中，我们探索了伴侣和伴侣在不同天的不同参与程度，重复测量的影响，并获得了关于伴侣影响体验幸福感的日常动态的初步数据。基于网络的经验幸福感测量可以成为大型纵向小组中断断续续的模块的宝贵资源，用于研究老年夫妇在失业、从带薪工作退休、健康挑战或适应残疾后发生的适应过程。我们的探索性研究将为这种未来努力的可行性提供初步信息。所获得的信息将有助于在对老年人进行大规模调查时对幸福感的评估，以及我们对晚年生活质量的理解。 公共卫生相关性：这个R21项目探索了关于调查模式在测量老年夫妇的全球和经验幸福感方面的影响的公开问题。我们使用2008年至2011年收集的HRS夫妇数据来分析在三种方式(电话、面对面、网络)下获得的关于全球幸福感的反应在群体之间和个人(夫妇)之间的差异。此外，还将在未来的HRS浪潮中对模式和夫妇效应对短期幸福感测量的影响进行随机实验，并对经验幸福感进行为期7天的探索性网络日记研究。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): As policy makers search for indices to complement existing population-based economic markers, there is new interest in survey measures of wellbeing that capture how people think and feel about their life circumstances. Kahneman and colleagues (2004), for example, developed a Day Reconstruction Method (DRM) that integrates the assessment of affective experience with a detailed time diary of yesterday's activities. The DRM provides on-line information about experience that is distinct from global reports of wellbeing. Several research teams, including ours (ROBUST: RC1 AG035576-02) have independently developed and tested short CATI/CAPI survey measures of experienced wellbeing suitable for large representative surveys of older adults such as the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). The 2012-2016 HRS renewal, however, posed new challenges to adapt this measure for the web mode and to consider the implications of data dependencies within couples. HRS interviews both partners in older households. To date, studies of experienced wellbeing have only interviewed individuals. The goals of this project are threefold. They address important methodological and conceptual issues about mode and couple effects in the measurement of global and experienced wellbeing. First, we utilize available HRS data collected between 2008 and 2011 to examine the comparability of responses about global wellbeing obtained from both partners in older couples across three modes (telephone, in-person, web). This constellation of HRS data provides a unique opportunity for comparative between-group and within-person (couple) mode analyses in subsamples representative of the population over age 50. Second, we conduct a randomized experiment with a locally recruited sample of older couples to explore mode and couple effects in experienced wellbeing. This study will use the new short measure of experienced wellbeing to be included in future waves of HRS. Because age, gender, race, education, health, and cognitive decline after age 50 could interact with mode and type of wellbeing measure, we will examine these factors in our analyses of the secondary data and the experiment. Third, in a pilot 7-day diary study, we explore differential partner and couple participation across days, the effects of repeated measurement, and also obtain preliminary data about the day-to-day dynamics of partner influences on experienced wellbeing. A web-based measure of experienced wellbeing could be a valuable resource for intermittent modules in large longitudinal panels to study the adaption processes that occur in older couples following loss of employment, retirement from paid work, health challenges or adaptation to disability. Our exploratory study will provide preliminary information about the feasibility of such future endeavors. The information obtained will advance assessment of wellbeing in large surveys of older adults and our understanding of life quality in late life. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This R21 project explores open questions about survey mode effects in the measurement of global and experienced wellbeing in older couples. We use HRS couple data collected between 2008 and 2011 to analyze between-group and within-person (couple) differences in responses about global wellbeing obtained in three modes (telephone, in-person, web). This is supplemented by a randomized experiment of mode and couple effects on a short experienced wellbeing measure to be included in future waves of HRS and an exploratory 7- day web diary study of experienced wellbeing.