Enhancing Retrospective Life History Data in the Health and Retirement Study- Renewal

增强健康和退休研究中的回顾性生活史数据 - 更新

• 批准号: 10216154
• 负责人: Jacqui Smith
• 金额: $ 168.65万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-15 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10216154
• 关键词: Age; Age-associated memory impairment; Aging; Alzheimer' s Disease; Alzheimer' s disease related dementia; Archives; Behavioral; Birth; Brain Pathology; Characteristics; Clinical; Code; Cognitive; Cognitive aging; Data; Dementia; Dictionary; Education; Elderly; Europe; Exposure to; Family; Fostering; Funding; Gender; Health Surveys; Health and Retirement Study; Impaired cognition; Impairment; Individual; Individual Differences; Learning; Life; Life Cycle Stages; Link; Location; Longitudinal Studies; Measures; Names; Neurologic; Nonrespondent; Occupational; Occupations; Outcome; Paper; Participant; Population; Population Research; Predisposition; Prevalence; Public Health; Questionnaires; Race; Recording of previous events; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Respondent; Retirement; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Schools; Self Administration; Social Sciences; Source; Surveys; Testing; Update; Work; baby boomer; career; cognitive performance; cognitive reserve; cognitive testing; cohort; college; design; ethnic difference; experience; human old age (65+); insight; interest; life history; member; mild cognitive impairment; modifiable risk; population health; public health research; response; social; theories; trend; user-friendly; web site

The mysteries of specific mechanisms underlying Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and Alzheimer's-Disease-Related Dementias (ADRD) are still being solved, as is understanding individual differences in susceptibility to differential rates of age-related cognitive decline and brain pathology. Proposals about sources, functions, and mechanisms associated with so-called cognitive reserve are central to one prominent theory about differential susceptibility. Although there is considerable debate about the precise operationalization of cognitive reserve, theory and research suggests that individuals possessing greater amounts of cognitive reserve are better able to cope with higher levels of brain pathology or other neurological insult before reaching clinical thresholds of progressive dementia-related impairment. Implicit in this theory is the possibility that cognitive reserve might be a modifiable risk factor. Given this assumption, much social science and public health research has focused on identifying societal and behavioral factors that contribute to the accumulation of cognitive reserve and account for secular trends in the prevalence of dementia. Educational attainment and occupation are two factors consistently invoked as potential sources of cognitive reserve but important gaps remain in understanding what aspects of educational and occupational experience are important, why, and for whom. We propose to leverage two new opportunities in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to examine some of these gaps. First, in the initial cycle of the project, we developed a Life History Mail Study (LHMS). The LHMS (fielded in 2015 and 2017) provides important insight into the content, quality, and contexts of early and lifelong education together with characteristics of job histories. This detail considerably enhances the scope and richness of information about these two factors and opens possibilities to link to historical administrative data. To date, most population research on older adults has been restricted to limited information about the number of years of early-life education and highest degree, and the characteristics of the last or longest job. In addition to the content and characteristics of education and jobs, the new LHMS data provide important information about lifetime exposures and trajectories (e.g., lifelong education, career progression, changes in job complexity, and trajectory disruptions). Second, in 2016, as part of a Healthy Cognitive Aging Project (HCAP), HRS introduced a new cognitive battery designed to identify progressive cognitive decline linked to ADRD after age 65. This extends the cognitive performance measures collected longitudinally in each HRS biennial wave. We will take advantage of this opportunity to examine hypotheses about the contributions of educational and occupational histories to differential late-life cognitive decline and dementia. To complete our analyses and continue to enhance the public-use HRS life history information, we will: i) consolidate LHMS data collected in various HRS waves; ii) collect the LHMS from the late baby boomer cohort; iii) enhance efforts to collect the LHMS from non-respondents; and iv) add codes for education and job qualities to the public files.

阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 和阿尔茨海默病相关的具体机制之谜 痴呆症 (ADRD) 仍在得到解决，了解个体易感性差异也仍在解决之中。 与年龄相关的认知能力下降和大脑病理学的差异率。关于来源、功能和的建议 与所谓的认知储备相关的机制是一种关于差异的著名理论的核心 易感性。尽管对于认知储备的精确运作存在相当多的争论， 理论和研究表明，拥有更多认知储备的人能力更强 在达到临床阈值之前应对更高水平的脑病理学或其他神经损伤 进行性痴呆相关损伤。该理论隐含的是认知储备可能是 可改变的风险因素。鉴于这一假设，许多社会科学和公共卫生研究都集中在 识别有助于认知储备和账户积累的社会和行为因素 了解痴呆症患病率的长期趋势。学历和职业是两个因素 一直被视为认知储备的潜在来源，但在理解什么方面仍然存在重要差距 教育和职业经验的各个方面都很重要，为什么以及对谁来说都很重要。我们建议 利用健康与退休研究 (HRS) 中的两个新机会来检查其中的一些差距。 首先，在项目的初始周期中，我们开发了生活史邮件研究（LHMS）。 LHMS（部署于 2015 年和 2017 年）提供了有关早期教育和终身教育的内容、质量和背景的重要见解 以及工作经历的特征。这一细节大大增强了内容的范围和丰富性 有关这两个因素的信息，并提供了链接到历史管理数据的可能性。迄今为止， 大多数针对老年人的人口研究仅限于有关年数的有限信息 早期教育和最高学历，以及最后或最长的工作的特征。除了 教育和工作的内容和特征，新的 LHMS 数据提供了以下重要信息 一生的经历和轨迹（例如，终身教育、职业发展、工作复杂性的变化，以及 轨迹中断）。其次，2016 年，作为健康认知老龄化项目 (HCAP) 的一部分，HRS 推出了 一种新的认知电池，旨在识别 65 岁后与 ADRD 相关的进行性认知衰退。 扩展了在每个 HRS 双年度波中纵向收集的认知表现测量。我们将采取 利用这个机会来检验有关教育和职业贡献的假设 不同晚年认知能力下降和痴呆的病史。完成我们的分析并继续 增强公共使用的 HRS 生活史信息，我们将： i) 整合在各个领域收集的 LHMS 数据 HRS 波； ii) 从婴儿潮一代晚期群体收集 LHMS； iii) 加强收集 LHMS 的工作 来自非受访者； iv) 在公共档案中添加教育和工作质量代码。