Floating Light Activated Micro-Electrical Stimulators for Neural Prosthetics

用于神经修复的浮动光激活微电刺激器

• 批准号: 8281535
• 负责人: MESUT SAHIN
• 金额: $ 32.43万
• 依托单位: NEW JERSEY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-01 至 2014-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8281535
• 关键词: Animal Testing; Animals; Auditory area; Beds; Brain; Cerebral cortex; Chronic; Clinic; Clinical; Cochlear nucleus; Custom; Devices; Disease; Dura Mater; Electric Stimulation; Electrodes; Engineering; Equipment Malfunction; Generations; Health; Hearing; Horns; Immunohistochemistry; Implant; Individual; Lasers; Learning; Left; Leg; Light; Location; Locomotion; Mechanics; Methods; Microelectrodes; Midbrain structure; Motor; Motor Neurons; Movement; Neuraxis; Neurons; Peripheral Nervous System; Phase; Physiologic pulse; Preparation; Rattus; Semiconductors; Source; Specificity; Spinal Cord; Spinal cord grey matter structure; Spinal cord injury; Structure; Technology; Testing; Thick; Time; Tissues; Translations; Urination; Vertebral column; Visual Cortex; Wireless Technology; Work; base; blind; cranium; design; experience; gray matter; implantation; in vivo; microstimulation; neural circuit; neural prosthesis; new technology; optical fiber; relating to nervous system; response; spinal cord white matter; success; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Electrical activation of central and peripheral nervous system has been investigated for treatment of neural disorders for many decades and a number of devices have already moved into clinical phase with success. As we learn more about the neural circuitry in the spinal cord and the brain, new applications are targeting more specific circuits in the central nervous system and thus requiring much more localized means of electrical stimulation. Some example neural prosthetic applications are microstimulation of the spinal cord to restore locomotion or micturition in spinal cord injury, microstimulation of the cochlear nucleus, midbrain, or auditory cortex to restore hearing, and stimulation of the visual cortex in the blind subjects. In order to satisfy the demand in these applications, microelectrode arrays have been developed over the past decade. However, the current implantable microelectrode arrays use wired interconnects for applying the electric stimulations. These fine wires are a major source of device failure since they are the first to break in chronic implants. Moreover, the brain and the spinal cord experience significant amounts of translation inside the skull and the spinal column. Movement of the tissue around these rigid microelectrodes causes significant shear forces due to the mechanical mismatch between the electrode material and the neural tissue. These shear forces, exacerbated by the tethering forces of the wired interconnects, result in a thick encapsulation tissue layer that forms around the electrode. The mechanical mismatch and tethering forces not only cause cellular damage but also the loss of specificity of the stimulations because of this barrier that forms between the electrode and the targeted neurons. We propose a floating micro-electrical device as an alternative technology to micro-electrode arrays. The proposed micro-stimulators will be energized with an infrared light beam through an optical fiber located just outside the dura mater. The floating microstimulators will be free from any interconnects and tethering forces. Because the overall device size is much smaller, the insult to the neural tissue will also be much reduced. The main objective of this proposal is to develop and characterize these floating light activated micro-electrical stimulators (FLAMES). This technology can be instrumental in translation of many neural prosthetic approaches into the clinic, particularly those that involve microstimulation of the spinal cord. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The main objective of this proposal is to develop and test wireless microstimulators (<300 micron) for electrical activation of the central nervous system in neural prosthetic applications, such as those developed for individuals with spinal cord injury to regain some vital functions. We believe that these wireless micro-stimulators will eliminate the problems encountered with current microelectrode technology and thus enable the transfer of many neural prosthetic projects into the clinic.

描述（由申请人提供）：几十年来，人们一直在研究中枢和周围神经系统的电激活治疗神经疾病，许多设备已经成功进入临床阶段。随着我们对脊髓和大脑中的神经回路了解的越来越多，新的应用正在针对中枢神经系统中更具体的回路，因此需要更局部的电刺激手段。神经义肢的一些应用实例包括：微刺激脊髓以恢复脊髓损伤患者的运动或排尿功能，微刺激耳蜗核、中脑或听觉皮层以恢复听力，以及刺激盲人受试者的视觉皮层。为了满足这些应用的需求，微电极阵列在过去的十年中得到了发展。然而，目前的植入式微电极阵列使用有线互连来施加电刺激。这些细导线是设备故障的主要来源，因为它们是慢性植入物的第一个断裂。此外，大脑和脊髓在颅骨和脊柱内经历了大量的翻译。由于电极材料和神经组织之间的机械不匹配，这些刚性微电极周围组织的运动引起显著的剪切力。这些剪切力，加上有线互连的束缚力，导致电极周围形成一层厚厚的封装组织层。机械失配和束缚力不仅会导致细胞损伤，而且由于电极和目标神经元之间形成的屏障，刺激的特异性也会丧失。我们提出一种浮动微电子装置作为微电极阵列的替代技术。该微刺激器将通过位于硬脑膜外的光纤的红外线光束进行激励。浮动微刺激器将不受任何相互连接和束缚力的影响。由于整个装置的尺寸要小得多，对神经组织的损伤也将大大减少。本提案的主要目的是开发和表征这些浮动光激活微电刺激器（火焰）。这项技术有助于将许多神经修复方法转化为临床，特别是那些涉及脊髓微刺激的方法。公共卫生相关性：本提案的主要目的是开发和测试无线微刺激器（<300微米），用于神经假肢应用中中枢神经系统的电激活，例如为脊髓损伤患者开发的用于恢复某些重要功能的微刺激器。我们相信这些无线微刺激器将消除当前微电极技术遇到的问题，从而使许多神经义肢项目能够转移到临床。

项目成果

Wireless microstimulators for neural prosthetics.

• DOI: 10.1615/critrevbiomedeng.v39.i1.50
• 发表时间: 2011
• 期刊: Critical reviews in biomedical engineering
• 作者: Sahin M;Pikov V
• 通讯作者: Pikov V

A PDMS-based optical waveguide for transcutaneous powering of microelectrode arrays.

基于 PDMS 的光波导，用于微电极阵列的经皮供电。

• DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7591721
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
• 作者: Ersen,Ali;Sahin,Mesut
• 通讯作者: Sahin,Mesut

Improved selectivity from a wavelength addressable device for wireless stimulation of neural tissue.

提高了波长可寻址设备对神经组织进行无线刺激的选择性。

• DOI: 10.3389/fneng.2014.00005
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: Frontiers in neuroengineering
• 作者: Seymour,ElifÇ;Freedman,DavidS;Gökkavas,Mutlu;Ozbay,Ekmel;Sahin,Mesut;Unlü,MSelim
• 通讯作者: Unlü,MSelim