Spinal Cord Computer Interface

脊髓计算机接口

• 批准号: 7255246
• 负责人: MESUT SAHIN
• 金额: $ 21.41万
• 依托单位: NEW JERSEY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-04-15 至 2009-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7255246
• 关键词: Adopted; Algorithms; Animal Model; Animals; Axon; Behavior; Behavioral Paradigm; Cervical spinal cord structure; Chronic; Clinical; Computer Interface; Computers; Disease; Disease regression; Distal; Electrodes; Feasibility Studies; Fiber; Forelimb; Hand functions; Human; Implant; Individual; Injury; Label; Lesion; Life; Limb structure; Linear Regressions; Literature; Measures; Methods; Microelectrodes; Modification; Motor; Motor Cortex; Movement; Muscle; Neural Conduction; Neuroanatomy; Neurons; Noise; Numbers; Outcome Measure; Paralysed; Pattern; Phase; Population; Positioning Attribute; Primates; Principal Component Analysis; Procedures; Quadriplegia; Rate; Rattus; Red nucleus structure; Research Design; Self-control as a personality trait; Sensory; Signal Pathway; Signal Transduction; Site; Skeletal Muscle; Solutions; Spinal; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Lesions; Spinal Cord transection injury; Spinal cord damage; Spinal cord injury; Structure of rubrospinal tract; Synapses; Techniques; Time; Tissues; Training; Trauma; Upper arm; Wallerian Degeneration; brain computer interface; computerized data processing; day; design; grasp; implantation; improved; instrument; neuronal cell body; reconstruction; relating to nervous system; success; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Following spinal cord damage from trauma or disease, skeletal muscles distal to the point of damage become paralyzed due to disrupted neural conduction. In high-level spinal cord injury (quadriplegia), there is a great need for a method that can substitute the voluntary control for self-mobility, computer access, or environmental control. Current Solution: The 'brain-computer interfaces' have been developed to extract this volitional control information from the motor cortex. The cortical signals are recorded with microelectrode/microwire arrays implanted and interpreted with advanced signal processing algorithms? Short Comings: However, there remain two main problems to be solved that are inherent to the cortical approach. First, with the cortical implantation of the electrodes the population of neurons recorded from changes day to day, thus requiring a training session for the signal processor every day. Second, the number of good electrodes that actually record activity in each array (yield) is very low and all the signals are lost after sometime. Our Proposal: The alternative method proposed here is to extract the volitional motor signals from the proximal spinal cord that is still intact above the site of injury. The distal portions of the severed axons go through Wallerian degeneration. However, the proximal part of the axon continues to function years after the injury since its connection to the cell body in the cortex is still intact. A Spinal Cord- Computer Interface (SCCI) can have information flow rates that are much higher than that of brain-computer interfaces since a majority of the recording electrodes will be functional (see background and significance). The stability of the recordings will also be improved due to the neuroanatomy of the spinal cord. These improvements are crucially needed before such neural interfaces can move into the clinical phase to help individuals with high level spinal cord injury. Significance: Each year about 15,000 spinal cord injuries occur in the US. Majority of these cases survive and need help for their basic needs. The average life expectance of this population is 40 years. Any tool or instrument that can provide them with self-mobility, environmental control, and computer access is priceless.

描述(申请人提供)：由于创伤或疾病造成脊髓损伤后，损伤部位远端的骨骼肌由于神经传导中断而瘫痪。在高位脊髓损伤(四肢瘫痪)中，迫切需要一种方法来取代自我活动、计算机访问或环境控制的自愿控制。 目前的解决方案：已经开发出“脑机接口”，以从运动皮质中提取这种意志控制信息。用植入的微电极/微线阵列记录皮质信号，并用先进的信号处理算法进行解释？不足之处： 然而，皮质入路仍有两个主要问题需要解决。首先，随着电极的皮质植入，记录的神经元数量每天都在变化，因此需要每天对信号处理器进行培训。其次，在每个阵列中实际记录活动的良好电极的数量(产量)非常低，并且所有信号在一段时间后都会丢失。我们的建议：这里提出的替代方法是从损伤部位上方仍完好无损的近端脊髓提取意志运动信号。被切断的轴突的远端部分经历了沃勒变性。然而，轴突的近端部分在损伤数年后继续发挥作用，因为它与皮质中的细胞体的连接仍然完好无损。一条脊髓-- 计算机接口(SCCI)可以具有比脑-计算机接口高得多的信息流速率，因为大多数记录电极将起作用(参见背景和意义)。由于脊髓的神经解剖，录音的稳定性也将得到改善。在这些神经接口进入临床阶段以帮助患有高度脊髓损伤的个人之前，这些改进是至关重要的。意义：美国每年约有15,000例脊髓损伤。这些病例中的大多数幸存下来，需要帮助满足他们的基本需求。这一人群的平均预期寿命为40岁。任何能够为他们提供自我移动性、环境控制和计算机访问的工具或工具都是无价的。