Adolescent Health and Development in Context

背景下的青少年健康与发展 摘要 我们提出了一项史无前例的数据收集工作，强调空间和社会暴露对 大样本青年(N=5,200)的危险行为、受害和身心健康 俄亥俄州富兰克林县的照顾者。建议的研究有三个主要目的：(1)研究 多元社会情境的关键结构特征和社会过程特征对青年的影响 发展结果(危险行为、受害和身心健康)；(2)考察情境 对青年发展成果的实时影响；以及(3)检查青年在多大程度上 “社区”--即青少年通过例行公事融入其中的行为者和环境网络 暴露--影响他们的健康和发育结果。该项目提供了三个重大进展 过去关于青年发展的背景研究。首先，我们将收集一系列全面的数据 与发展相关的环境，包括家庭/家庭、住宅、学校、社交网络和其他 正式和非正式的“活动空间”环境(例如，教堂、娱乐中心、企业和“闲逛” 位置)。这种多语境的强调将使我们能够检查广泛的语境的影响 关于青年幸福感的重要方面的曝光。二是开展生态即时评估 收集有关行为设置的实时数据，包括同伴在场、成人监督、 描述活动和行为/健康结果的结构。这些时空分布的网络数据 将在促进青年发展的社会网络和空间背景之间提供经验联系 分析情境对设定结果的影响。第三，我们将收集地理编码数据在空间和 青年活动的组织设置以识别抽样青年中的重叠活动位置(例如， 在同一所学校、教堂、公园等度过时间的受试者)。此信息将用于构建 在青年和活动地点之间建立演员联系网络，捕捉到迄今未被测量的 “社区”结构。青少年所处的社区的特征可能具有 在先前研究中通常衡量的背景之外，对福祉的重要影响。 我们的分析方法将结合空间和多层次空间统计模型来探索关键假设。 这项研究的发现有可能阐明上下文因素通过哪些关键途径 影响青少年的幸福感。

Adolescent Health and Development in Context Abstract We propose an unprecedented data collection effort emphasizing the impact of spatial and social exposures on risk behavior, victimization, and mental/physical health for a large sample of youth (N=5,200) and their caregivers in Franklin County, Ohio. The proposed study has three overarching aims: (1) examine the influence of key structural and social process characteristics of multiple social contexts on youth developmental outcomes (risk behavior, victimization, and mental/physical health); (2) examine situational effects on youth developmental outcomes in real time; and (3) examine the extent to which youth's "communities"-i.e., the networks of actors and settings in which adolescents are embedded through routine exposure-influence their health and developmental outcomes. This project offers three significant advances over prior contextual studies of youth development. First, we will collect data on a comprehensive array of developmentally relevant settings including family/household, residential, school, social network, and other formal and informal "activity space" contexts (e.g., churches, recreation centers, businesses, and "hang out" locations). This multi-contextual emphasis will enable us to examine the influence of a wide range of contextual exposures on significant aspects of youth well-being. Second, we will use Ecological Momentary Assessment to collect real-time data on behavioral settings, including peer presence, adult supervision, the level of structure characterizing activities, and behavioral/health outcomes. These space-time situated network data will offer empirical linkages between the social network and spatial contexts of youth development enabling analyses of situational influences on setting outcomes. Third, we will collect geo-coded data on the spatial and organizational settings of youth activities to identify overlapping activity locations among sampled youth (e.g., subjects who spend time at the same school, church, park, etc.). This information will be used to construct actor-setting affiliation networks among youth and activity locations, capturing heretofore unmeasured "community" structure. Characteristics of the communities in which adolescents are embedded may have important implications for well-being, above and beyond those contexts typically measured in prior research. Our analytic approach will combine spatial and multilevel spatial statistical models to explore key hypotheses. Findings from the study have the potential to illuminate critical pathways through which contextual factors influence adolescent well-being.