Adolescent Health and Development in Context

描述（由申请人提供）：我们提出了一个前所未有的数据收集工作，强调空间和社会暴露对风险行为，受害，和心理/身体健康的大样本的青年（N=5,200）和他们的照顾者在富兰克林县，俄亥俄州的影响。拟议的研究有三个总体目标：（1）检查多种社会背景的关键结构和社会过程特征对青年发展成果（风险行为，受害和心理/身体健康）的影响;（2）检查真实的时间对青年发展成果的情境影响;（3）检查青年的“社区”-即，青少年通过例行性保健所处的行为者网络和环境影响着他们的健康和发展成果。该项目提供了三个显着的进步，比以前的青年发展的背景研究。首先，我们将收集一系列与发展相关的环境的数据，包括家庭/住户、住宅、学校、社交网络以及其他正式和非正式的“活动空间”环境（例如，教堂、娱乐中心、商业和“闲逛”场所）。这种多背景的重点将使我们能够检查的影响范围广泛的背景曝光的重要方面的青年福祉。其次，我们将使用生态瞬时评估来收集行为设置的实时数据，包括同伴在场，成人监督，表征活动的结构水平，以及行为/健康结果。这些时空定位的网络数据将提供社会网络和青年发展的空间背景之间的经验联系，从而能够分析环境对设定结果的影响。第三，我们将收集有关青年活动的空间和组织环境的地理编码数据，以确定抽样青年中重叠的活动地点（例如，在同一所学校、教堂、公园等度过时间的受试者）。这些信息将用于在青年和活动地点之间建立演员设置联系网络，捕捉迄今为止未测量的“社区”结构。青少年所处的社区的特点可能对福祉产生重要影响，超出了以往研究中通常测量的背景。我们的分析方法将结合联合收割机空间和多层次空间统计模型来探索关键假设。研究结果有可能阐明环境因素影响青少年幸福的关键途径。 公共卫生相关性：拟议的研究将有助于更好地了解青少年发展的背景，包括学校，住宅区，活动空间和社会网络关系，有助于风险行为，受害和心理/身体健康。研究结果可能有助于指导旨在解决城市青少年健康问题的干预措施，无论是针对干预目标的环境类型，还是最有可能对青少年结果产生影响的环境的社会特征。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We propose an unprecedented data collection effort emphasizing the impact of spatial and social exposures on risk behavior, victimization, and mental/physical health for a large sample of youth (N=5,200) and their caregivers in Franklin County, Ohio. The proposed study has three overarching aims: (1) examine the influence of key structural and social process characteristics of multiple social contexts on youth developmental outcomes (risk behavior, victimization, and mental/physical health); (2) examine situational effects on youth developmental outcomes in real time; and (3) examine the extent to which youth's "communities"-i.e., the networks of actors and settings in which adolescents are embedded through routine exposure-influence their health and developmental outcomes. This project offers three significant advances over prior contextual studies of youth development. First, we will collect data on a comprehensive array of developmentally relevant settings including family/household, residential, school, social network, and other formal and informal "activity space" contexts (e.g., churches, recreation centers, businesses, and "hang out" locations). This multi-contextual emphasis will enable us to examine the influence of a wide range of contextual exposures on significant aspects of youth well-being. Second, we will use Ecological Momentary Assessment to collect real-time data on behavioral settings, including peer presence, adult supervision, the level of structure characterizing activities, and behavioral/health outcomes. These space-time situated network data will offer empirical linkages between the social network and spatial contexts of youth development enabling analyses of situational influences on setting outcomes. Third, we will collect geo-coded data on the spatial and organizational settings of youth activities to identify overlapping activity locations among sampled youth (e.g., subjects who spend time at the same school, church, park, etc.). This information will be used to construct actor-setting affiliation networks among youth and activity locations, capturing heretofore unmeasured "community" structure. Characteristics of the communities in which adolescents are embedded may have important implications for well-being, above and beyond those contexts typically measured in prior research. Our analytic approach will combine spatial and multilevel spatial statistical models to explore key hypotheses. Findings from the study have the potential to illuminate critical pathways through which contextual factors influence adolescent well-being. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed research will contribute to a better understanding of how the contexts of adolescent development-including schools, residential areas, activity spaces, and social network ties- contribute to risk behavior, victimization and mental/physical health. Findings from the research may help guide interventions that aim to address urban adolescent health, both with respect to the types of contexts that should be targeted for intervention and the social characteristics of contexts that are most likely to be influential with respect to adolescent outcomes.