Adolescent Health and Development in Context

描述（由申请人提供）：我们提出了一项前所未有的数据收集工作，强调空间和社会暴露对风险行为、受害和心理/身体健康的影响，研究对象是俄亥俄州富兰克林县的大量青少年（N= 5200）及其照顾者。本研究有三个主要目的：(1)研究多元社会环境的关键结构和社会过程特征对青少年发展结果（风险行为、受害行为和心理/身体健康）的影响；(2)实时考察情境对青少年发展结果的影响；(3)考察青年的“社区”——即：例如，行为者网络和青少年通过日常接触所处的环境会影响他们的健康和发展结果。这个项目提供了三个显著的进步，比以前的背景研究的青年发展。首先，我们将收集有关发展相关环境的综合数据，包括家庭/家庭、住宅、学校、社会网络和其他正式和非正式的“活动空间”环境（例如，教堂、娱乐中心、企业和“闲逛”地点）。这种多背景强调将使我们能够检查广泛的背景暴露对青年福祉的重要方面的影响。其次，我们将使用生态瞬间评估来收集行为设置的实时数据，包括同伴存在、成人监督、表征活动的结构水平和行为/健康结果。这些时空网络数据将提供社会网络与青年发展的空间背景之间的经验联系，从而能够分析情境对设定结果的影响。第三，我们将收集青少年活动的空间和组织设置的地理编码数据，以确定样本青少年之间重叠的活动地点（例如，在同一所学校、教堂、公园等度过时间的受试者）。这些信息将用于构建青年和活动地点之间的行为者设置联系网络，捕捉迄今未测量的“社区”结构。青少年所处的社区的特征可能对他们的幸福有着重要的影响，超出了以往研究中通常衡量的那些背景。我们的分析方法将结合空间和多层次空间统计模型来探索关键假设。这项研究的发现有可能阐明环境因素影响青少年健康的关键途径。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We propose an unprecedented data collection effort emphasizing the impact of spatial and social exposures on risk behavior, victimization, and mental/physical health for a large sample of youth (N=5,200) and their caregivers in Franklin County, Ohio. The proposed study has three overarching aims: (1) examine the influence of key structural and social process characteristics of multiple social contexts on youth developmental outcomes (risk behavior, victimization, and mental/physical health); (2) examine situational effects on youth developmental outcomes in real time; and (3) examine the extent to which youth's "communities"-i.e., the networks of actors and settings in which adolescents are embedded through routine exposure-influence their health and developmental outcomes. This project offers three significant advances over prior contextual studies of youth development. First, we will collect data on a comprehensive array of developmentally relevant settings including family/household, residential, school, social network, and other formal and informal "activity space" contexts (e.g., churches, recreation centers, businesses, and "hang out" locations). This multi-contextual emphasis will enable us to examine the influence of a wide range of contextual exposures on significant aspects of youth well-being. Second, we will use Ecological Momentary Assessment to collect real-time data on behavioral settings, including peer presence, adult supervision, the level of structure characterizing activities, and behavioral/health outcomes. These space-time situated network data will offer empirical linkages between the social network and spatial contexts of youth development enabling analyses of situational influences on setting outcomes. Third, we will collect geo-coded data on the spatial and organizational settings of youth activities to identify overlapping activity locations among sampled youth (e.g., subjects who spend time at the same school, church, park, etc.). This information will be used to construct actor-setting affiliation networks among youth and activity locations, capturing heretofore unmeasured "community" structure. Characteristics of the communities in which adolescents are embedded may have important implications for well-being, above and beyond those contexts typically measured in prior research. Our analytic approach will combine spatial and multilevel spatial statistical models to explore key hypotheses. Findings from the study have the potential to illuminate critical pathways through which contextual factors influence adolescent well-being. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed research will contribute to a better understanding of how the contexts of adolescent development-including schools, residential areas, activity spaces, and social network ties- contribute to risk behavior, victimization and mental/physical health. Findings from the research may help guide interventions that aim to address urban adolescent health, both with respect to the types of contexts that should be targeted for intervention and the social characteristics of contexts that are most likely to be influential with respect to adolescent outcomes.