Life Course and Contextual Determinants of HIV Risk

HIV 风险的生命历程和背景决定因素

• 批准号: 6590962
• 负责人: Christopher R Browning
• 金额: $ 23.25万
• 依托单位: OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-03-10 至 2007-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6590962
• 关键词: HIV infections; adolescence (12-20); behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; community; disease /disorder proneness /risk; family structure /dynamics; high risk behavior /lifestyle; human data; lifestyle; longitudinal human study; psychometrics; schools; sex behavior; social behavior; social support network; socioeconomics; urban area

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal seeks to advance knowledge regarding adolescent life course determinants of HIV risk behavior with explicit attention to the neighborhood context of risk. While a range of studies has investigated the role of structural context (e.g., neighborhood poverty) on the prevalence of risk behavior, few have attempted to unpack the mechanisms that link these factors with rates of risky sexual activity. We address the following questions: (1) Are structural and spatial features of urban neighborhoods (concentrated disadvantage, concentrated affluence, residential stability, & ethnic heterogeneity) associated with adolescent sexual risk behavior? (2) Do neighborhood social processes (collective efficacy, physical and social disorder, & normative orientations) mediate or moderate associations between neighborhood structural effects and sexual risk behavior? (3) Do community institutional resources (neighborhood organizations/services & schools) mediate or moderate associations among neighborhood structural effects and sexual risk behavior? And (4) Do neighborhood social networks and family processes (conflict/aggression and parental warmth, harshness, and engagement) mediate or moderate neighborhood structural effects on sexual risk behavior? We also consider whether the effect of hypothesized mechanisms of neighborhood structural effects on sexual risk behavior are moderated by individual developmental vulnerabilities (poor emotional health and low cognitive functioning) and proximal risk factors (exposure to violence, deviant peers, & risk tolerant attitudes) as well as potential interactions between neighborhood social processes and other contextual influences. Data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods are used to examine neighborhood effects on sexual risk behavior. This study is multilevel, with households randomly selected from 80 Chicago neighborhoods stratified by race/ethnicity and SES. For this proposal, 3 waves of data will be used for 3 cohorts of youth first seen at ages 9, 12, and 15 and every 2 years thereafter (N = 2344). Intensive interviews with adolescents and parents were conducted at each wave. Neighborhood characteristics were assessed before wave 1 and at wave 3. Neighborhood data are drawn from: (1) large-scale survey of resident's assessments of neighborhoods; (2) observational study of neighborhoods; (3) Census data; and (4) administrative data from local agencies.

描述（由申请人提供）：该提案旨在促进有关青少年生命历程的艾滋病毒风险行为的决定因素的知识，明确关注风险的邻里环境。虽然一系列研究已经调查了结构背景的作用（例如，邻里贫困）对危险行为的普遍性，很少有人试图解开这些因素与危险性活动率之间的联系机制。 我们解决了以下问题：（1）城市社区的结构和空间特征（集中劣势，集中富裕，住宅稳定性，种族异质性）与青少年性风险行为？(2)邻里社会过程（集体效能，身体和社会障碍，规范性取向）调解或适度邻里结构效应和性风险行为之间的关联？(3)社区机构资源（邻里组织/服务和学校）调解或适度邻里结构性影响和性风险行为之间的关联？邻里社交网络和家庭过程（冲突/攻击和父母的温暖，严厉，和参与）介导或温和的邻里结构性影响的性风险行为？我们还考虑了邻里结构性影响的假设机制对性风险行为的影响是否受到个人发展脆弱性（情绪健康状况差和认知功能低下）和近端风险因素（暴露于暴力，越轨的同龄人和风险容忍态度）以及邻里社会过程和其他背景影响之间的潜在相互作用的调节。 来自芝加哥社区人类发展项目的数据被用来研究社区对性风险行为的影响。这项研究是多层次的，从80个芝加哥社区按种族/民族和社会经济地位分层随机选择的家庭。对于本提案，将使用3波数据，用于首次在9岁、12岁和15岁时观察到的3个青年队列，此后每2年观察一次（N = 2344）。 在每一波都对青少年和家长进行了深入的访谈。在第1波和第3波之前评估了邻居特征。邻里数据来自：（1）居民对邻里评价的大规模调查;（2）邻里观察研究;（3）人口普查数据;（4）地方机构的行政数据。