PHYSIOLOGY OF MACAQUE HORIZONTAL CELLS: THEIR ROLE IN SPATIAL AND COLOR VISION

猕猴水平细胞的生理学：它们在空间和色觉中的作用

• 批准号: 8357581
• 负责人: DENNIS MICHAEL DACEY
• 金额: $ 10.43万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-05-01 至 2012-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8357581
• 关键词: Cells; Code; Color; Color Visions; Coupled; Coupling; Feedback; Funding; Gap Junctions; Goals; Grant; Interneurons; Light Adaptations; Macaca; Measures; National Center for Research Resources; Pathway interactions; Pharmacology; Photoreceptors; Physiology; Play; Primates; Principal Investigator; Regulation; Relative (related person); Research; Research Infrastructure; Resources; Retina; Retinal; Retinal Cone; Role; Signal Transduction; Site; Source; Structure; Synapses; United States National Institutes of Health; cell type; cost; fovea centralis; ganglion cell; horizontal cell; receptive field; relating to nervous system; retinal neuron; simulation; spatial vision

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. Primary support for the subproject and the subproject's principal investigator may have been provided by other sources, including other NIH sources. The Total Cost listed for the subproject likely represents the estimated amount of Center infrastructure utilized by the subproject, not direct funding provided by the NCRR grant to the subproject or subproject staff. The goal of this project is to determine the role that the cell types of the outer retina play in light adaptation, color-coding and receptive field structure. Over the last year the project has focused on the role of the H1 horizontal cella key interneuronby characterizing sensitivity regulation, receptive field structure and cone input. First, we have made significant progress in understanding how the spatial receptive field of the H1 horizontal cell contributes to the surrounds of inner retinal neurons. The primate H1 horizontal cells are coupled to each other electrically by gap junctions and access the cone-bipolar-ganglion cell pathway by feedback at the cone-H1 synapse. We have determined how direct synaptic input and coupled input interact to form a receptive field and have measured the relative contributions of these components using pharmacology and neural simulations. In the fovea, coupling is reduced and the receptive field size of H1 cells shrinks to create a surround derived from only a handful of cones. These results suggest strongly that this pathway is a critical component of the foveal 'midget' red-green color-opponent pathway. Finally, as part of an ongoing study of sensitivity regulation in the outer retina we have characterized how H1 and H2 horizontal cells contribute to retinal light adaptation by measuring the way in which signals from L, M and S cones are desensitized over the photopic range of light adaptation. From these results we have concluded that the first retinal synapse between H1 cells and photoreceptors is a major site for sensitivity regulation in outer retina.

这个子项目是许多利用资源的研究子项目之一 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。子项目的主要支持 而子项目的主要调查员可能是由其他来源提供的， 包括其它NIH来源。 列出的子项目总成本可能 代表子项目使用的中心基础设施的估计数量， 而不是由NCRR赠款提供给子项目或子项目工作人员的直接资金。 该项目的目标是确定外层视网膜的细胞类型在光适应、颜色编码和感受野结构中的作用。在过去的一年里，该项目一直专注于H1水平细胞的作用关键中间神经元通过表征敏感性调节、感受野结构和视锥输入。首先，我们在理解H1水平细胞的空间感受野如何对视网膜内层神经元的周围做出贡献方面取得了重大进展。灵长类动物H1水平细胞通过间隙连接相互电耦合，并通过在视锥-H1突触处的反馈进入视锥-双极-神经节细胞通路。我们已经确定了直接突触输入和耦合输入如何相互作用，形成一个感受野，并使用药理学和神经模拟测量这些组件的相对贡献。在中央凹，耦合减少，H1细胞的感受野大小缩小，以创建一个来自少数视锥细胞的包围。这些结果强烈表明，这一途径是一个关键组成部分的中央凹'侏儒'红绿色的颜色对手途径。最后，作为正在进行的研究的一部分，在外部视网膜的敏感性调节，我们的特点是如何H1和H2水平细胞有助于视网膜光适应的测量方式，其中信号从L，M和S锥脱敏的明适应范围内的光适应。从这些结果中，我们得出结论，H1细胞和光感受器之间的第一个视网膜突触是在外层视网膜的敏感性调节的主要网站。