MICROGLIA AND SIV NEUROPATHOGENESIS

这个子项目是许多利用资源的研究子项目之一 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。子项目的主要支持 子项目的主要研究者可能是由其他来源提供的， 包括其它NIH来源。 列出的子项目总成本可能 代表子项目使用的中心基础设施的估计数量， 而不是由NCRR赠款提供给子项目或子项目工作人员的直接资金。 血管周围巨噬细胞位于脑微血管的血管周围空间，独特地位于脑实质和血管之间的界面。神经系统和免疫系统之间的连接部分地通过这些细胞介导，这些细胞理想地位于感测外周中的扰动，并且被从循环进入CNS的细胞翻转。 已经清楚的是，在正常和SIV和HIV感染的脑中存在独特的脑巨噬细胞亚群，并且脑膜和脉络丛中的血管周围巨噬细胞和类似于血管周围巨噬细胞的细胞在慢病毒发病机制中起核心作用。 所有这些细胞群的共同点是它们在CNS内被单核细胞替代。对SIV感染的非人灵长类动物和HIV感染的人类的研究强调了HIV感染和/或活化的单核细胞的重要性，其运输到中枢神经系统（CNS），潜在地驱动血脑屏障损伤并可能引起神经元损伤。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. Primary support for the subproject and the subproject's principal investigator may have been provided by other sources, including other NIH sources. The Total Cost listed for the subproject likely represents the estimated amount of Center infrastructure utilized by the subproject, not direct funding provided by the NCRR grant to the subproject or subproject staff. Located in the perivascular space of cerebral microvessels, perivascular macrophages are uniquely situated at the interface between brain parenchyma and blood vessels. Connections between the nervous and immune systems are mediated in part through these cells that are ideally located to sense perturbations in the periphery and are turn over by cells entering the CNS from the circulation. It has become clear that unique subsets of brain macrophage exist in normal and SIV and HIV infected brain, and perivascular macrophages and cells similar to perivascular macrophages in the meninges and choroids plexus play a central role in lentiviral pathogenesis. Common to all these cell populations is their replacement within the CNS by monocytes. Studies of SIV infected non human primates and HIV infected humans underscore the importance of HIV-infected and/or activated monocytes, which traffic to the central nervous system (CNS) the potentially drive the blood-brain barrier damage and may cause neuronal injury.