Understanding the diffusion and impact of state alcohol and traffic policies

了解国家酒精和交通政策的传播和影响

• 批准号: 8344331
• 负责人: James Macinko
• 金额: $ 34.65万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-07-01 至 2015-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8344331
• 关键词: Address; Adopted; Adoption; Affect; Age; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; Area; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Cause of Death; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Code; Complex; Controlled Study; Data; Data Set; Databases; Death Rate; Diffusion; Economics; Effectiveness; Environment; Epidemiology; Evolution; Geographic state; Growth; Hawaii; Health; Health Policy; Individual; Injury; Iowa; Kentucky; Laws; Legal; Link; Malignant neoplasm of pancreas; Malignant neoplasm of prostate; Measures; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; Motor Vehicles; Natural experiment; Nature; New Jersey; Outcome; Pattern; Policies; Premature Mortality; Prevention; Primary Prevention; Process; Public Health; Public Policy; Regulation; Research; Role; Safety; Scholarship; Source; Statutes and Laws; Taxes; Testing; Time; Travel; United States; Variant; Vehicle crash; Work; Youth; aged; alcohol involvement; alcohol policy information system; base; data modeling; design; evidence base; improved; malignant breast neoplasm; public policy on alcohol; tool; trafficking; years of life lost

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Traffic fatalities are the second largest contributor to years of life lost before age 75 and are the leading cause of death among youth aged 15-24 years. Alcohol involvement in these crashes has remained relatively steady despite overall declines in traffic fatality rates. Public policies (laws, regulations, penalties) concerning alcohl and car safety have contributed to these declines, but there is enormous variation in policies among states. To date, little scholarship has systematically investigated the impact of such a diverse regulatory environment on health outcomes. This study uses variation across states from 1980-2010 as a natural experiment to examine the relationship between the evolution of state policies concerning alcohol and motor vehicle safety on changes in traffic fatalities and injuries, and the role of alcohol in these outcomes. Data come from the Alcohol Policy Information System, linked to other available datasets and supplemented by original legal research. The study proposes to develop a comprehensive database on state alcohol and traffic safety policies; identify patterns in state law adoption; assess factors associated with health policy adoption and diffusion; and quantify the impact of multiple state health policies on traffic fatalities and injuries over time. The study is consistent with and contributes to NIAAA's prioritis for assessing the alcohol policy environment. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Study results will enhance the design of effective policy-based approaches to reducing deaths and injuries from alcohol and motor vehicles as consistent with Health People 2020 objectives of reducing traffic fatalities by 10 percent. Results will aid policymakers in understanding barriers to adoption of new evidence-based policies, allowing them to perform "policy surveillance" to identify gaps and areas for potential improvements.

描述（由申请人提供）：交通事故死亡是75岁之前寿命损失的第二大原因，也是15-24岁青年死亡的主要原因。尽管交通死亡率总体下降，但这些事故中涉及酒精的情况相对稳定。有关酒精和汽车安全的公共政策（法律、法规、处罚）促成了这些下降，但各州的政策差异很大。迄今为止，很少有学者系统地调查了这种多样化的监管环境对健康结果的影响。本研究利用1980-2010年各州之间的差异作为自然实验，研究有关酒精和机动车安全的国家政策的演变与交通伤亡变化之间的关系，以及酒精在这些结果中的作用。数据来自酒精政策信息系统，与其他现有数据集相关联，并辅以原始法律研究。该研究建议建立一个关于各州酒精和交通安全政策的综合数据库；识别各州法律收养的模式；评估与卫生政策采用和推广有关的因素；并量化多个州的卫生政策对交通的影响