Understanding the diffusion and impact of state alcohol and traffic policies

描述(申请人提供)：交通事故是导致75岁前寿命损失的第二大原因，也是15-24岁青年死亡的主要原因。尽管交通死亡率总体下降，但这些车祸中涉及酒精的情况保持相对稳定。与酒精和汽车安全有关的公共政策(法律、法规、处罚)导致了这些下降，但各州的政策存在巨大差异。到目前为止，很少有学者系统地研究这种多样化的监管环境对健康结果的影响。这项研究使用1980-2010年间各州之间的差异作为自然实验，以检验国家关于酒精的政策的演变和交通伤亡的变化与机动车安全之间的关系，以及酒精在这些结果中的作用。数据来自酒精政策信息系统，链接到其他可用的数据集，并得到原始法律研究的补充。这项研究建议开发一个关于州酒精和交通安全政策的综合数据库；确定州法律采用的模式；评估与卫生政策采用和传播相关的因素；并量化多个州卫生政策对交通的影响 随着时间的推移，死亡和受伤的人数。这项研究与NIAAA评估酒精政策环境的优先事项是一致的，并对此做出了贡献。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Traffic fatalities are the second largest contributor to years of life lost before age 75 and are the leading cause of death among youth aged 15-24 years. Alcohol involvement in these crashes has remained relatively steady despite overall declines in traffic fatality rates. Public policies (laws, regulations, penalties) concerning alcohl and car safety have contributed to these declines, but there is enormous variation in policies among states. To date, little scholarship has systematically investigated the impact of such a diverse regulatory environment on health outcomes. This study uses variation across states from 1980-2010 as a natural experiment to examine the relationship between the evolution of state policies concerning alcohol and motor vehicle safety on changes in traffic fatalities and injuries, and the role of alcohol in these outcomes. Data come from the Alcohol Policy Information System, linked to other available datasets and supplemented by original legal research. The study proposes to develop a comprehensive database on state alcohol and traffic safety policies; identify patterns in state law adoption; assess factors associated with health policy adoption and diffusion; and quantify the impact of multiple state health policies on traffic fatalities and injuries over time. The study is consistent with and contributes to NIAAA's prioritis for assessing the alcohol policy environment.