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Video Vignettes: Measuring Risk Perception in Alcohol-Related Sexual Assault

视频片段：测量酒精相关性侵犯的风险感知

基本信息

批准号：
8304195
负责人：
KATHLEEN A PARKS MARSH
金额：
$ 22.78万
依托单位：
STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2011-07-20 至 2014-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Both greater alcohol consumption and a history of sexual assault (SA) have been associated with increased risk for adult SA (e.g., Testa & Parks, 1996). One mechanism through which both alcohol consumption and a history of SA are hypothesized to increase risk for SA is through their impact on women's ability to perceive risk cues prior to a SA. At greater levels of alcohol consumption, women may fail to recognize (e.g., alcohol myopia) risk cues for impending SA which may result in failure to extract themselves from a high risk situation (Norris et al., 1996). Several studies have shown that ability to resist SA is decreased with greater alcohol consumption (Abbey et al., 2002). Similarly, as a result of trauma from a prior SA, women may experience affect dysregulation (e.g., dissociation) that prevents them from reacting appropriately (e.g., over or under react) when faced with a threat of SA, thus preventing them from protecting themselves (Cloitre, 1998). Therefore, both alcohol use and SA history lead to impaired cognitive (i.e., decreased risk recognition) and behavioral (removal of oneself) responses when faced with a new threat of SA. Several studies have assessed deficits in risk perception among women under different alcohol conditions (e.g., Cue et al., 1996) or as a function of SA history (e.g., Soler-Baillo et al., 2005) by manipulating specific risk cues in written (e.g., Yeater et al., 2010) or audio-taped (e.g., Wilson et al., 1999) vignettes. These studies have found evidence to support reductions in risk perception at higher levels of alcohol consumption and among women with SA histories. While these modes of vignette delivery have been successful, they limit or are missing nonverbal and environmental cues that could signal risk for SA that are likely to be present in a real life situation. Video vignettes provide a mode in which nonverbal (e.g., facial expressions) and visual environmental cues (e.g., isolation), as well as verbal risk cues can be presented, thus allowing for a more realistic reflection of a SA situation and full assessment of potential risk cues. This R21 application proposes the development and validation of an innovative computerized, video vignette measure for use in assessing young women's perceptions of risk cues for SA. Multiple methods are proposed for developing and validating the vignettes (i.e., focus groups, expert panel feedback, and pilot testing with and without alcohol administration). The primary goal of developing the new measure is to capture all of the dimensions of risk perception so that we can more fully understand the mechanisms through which other factors, such as alcohol consumption and SA history, interfere with this perception to place women at greater risk for SA. A secondary goal of this R21 is to compare the newly developed video vignettes to written and audio versions of the same vignettes. In comparing the different modes of vignette administration, we hope to determine which mode is perceived most realistically and accurately for cue recognition. Future applications would involve development of unique prevention programs using the video measure as a training tool to improve women's risk perception to reduce SA risk.

描述（由申请人提供）：更多的酒精消费和性侵犯（SA）的历史都与成年SA的风险增加有关（例如，Testa & Parks，1996）。一种机制，通过酒精消费和SA的历史被假设为SA的风险增加是通过他们的影响妇女的能力，感知风险线索之前SA。在更高的酒精消费水平下，女性可能无法识别（例如，酒精性近视）可能导致无法从高风险情况中解脱出来的即将发生的SA的风险线索（Norris等人，1996年）。几项研究表明，抵抗SA的能力随着酒精消耗的增加而降低（修道院等人，2002年）。同样，由于先前SA的创伤，女性可能会经历情感失调（例如，解离），从而阻止它们适当地反应（例如，反应过度或反应不足），从而使他们无法保护自己（Cloitre，1998年）。因此，酒精使用和SA史都会导致认知受损（即，降低风险识别）和行为（删除自己）的反应时，面对新的威胁SA。几项研究评估了不同酒精条件下女性的风险认知缺陷（例如，Cue等人，1996）或作为SA历史的函数（例如，Soler-Baillo等人，2005）通过在书面中操纵特定的风险线索（例如，Yeater等人，2010）或录音（例如，Wilson等人，1999）vignettes.这些研究发现了证据，支持在较高水平的酒精消费和具有SA历史的女性中降低风险感知。虽然这些模式的小插曲交付已经成功，他们限制或丢失非语言和环境线索，可能信号的SA的风险，可能存在于真实的生活情况。视频小插曲提供了一种模式，其中非语言（例如，面部表情）和视觉环境线索（例如，隔离），以及口头风险提示，从而允许更真实地反映SA情况和全面评估潜在的风险提示。这R21应用程序提出了一种创新的计算机化，视频小插曲措施，用于评估年轻女性的风险线索SA的看法和验证。提出了多种方法用于开发和验证小插图（即，焦点小组、专家小组反馈以及有和没有酒精施用的试点测试）。制定新措施的主要目标是捕捉风险感知的所有维度，以便我们能够更充分地了解其他因素（如饮酒和SA历史）干扰这种感知的机制，从而使女性面临更大的SA风险。这个R21的第二个目标是将新开发的视频小插曲与相同小插曲的书面和音频版本进行比较。在比较不同模式的小插曲管理，我们希望确定哪种模式是最现实和准确的线索识别。未来的应用将涉及开发独特的预防方案，使用视频措施作为培训工具，以提高妇女的风险认知，以减少SA风险。