Video Vignettes: Measuring Risk Perception in Alcohol-Related Sexual Assault

视频片段：测量酒精相关性侵犯的风险感知

• 批准号: 8164955
• 负责人: KATHLEEN A PARKS MARSH
• 金额: $ 18.82万
• 依托单位: STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-07-20 至 2013-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8164955
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; Behavior; Behavioral; Clinical; Cognitive; Communication; Communities; Cues; Development; Dimensions; Dissociation; Educational process of instructing; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Excision; Facial Expression; Failure; Feedback; Feeling; Floods; Focus Groups; Fright; Future; Goals; Heterosexuals; Lead; Left; Life; Measures; Methods; Myopia; Participant; Perception; Physiological; Prevention; Prevention program; Process; Recording of previous events; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Sampling; Sexual abuse; Signal Transduction; Social Interaction; Testing; Training; Trauma; Validation; Video Recording; Visual; Woman; Writing; assault; college; computerized; design; drinking; experience; fighting; high risk; improved; innovation; male; man; peer; perpetrators; prevent; response; risk perception; sexual assault; skills; social; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Both greater alcohol consumption and a history of sexual assault (SA) have been associated with increased risk for adult SA (e.g., Testa & Parks, 1996). One mechanism through which both alcohol consumption and a history of SA are hypothesized to increase risk for SA is through their impact on women's ability to perceive risk cues prior to a SA. At greater levels of alcohol consumption, women may fail to recognize (e.g., alcohol myopia) risk cues for impending SA which may result in failure to extract themselves from a high risk situation (Norris et al., 1996). Several studies have shown that ability to resist SA is decreased with greater alcohol consumption (Abbey et al., 2002). Similarly, as a result of trauma from a prior SA, women may experience affect dysregulation (e.g., dissociation) that prevents them from reacting appropriately (e.g., over or under react) when faced with a threat of SA, thus preventing them from protecting themselves (Cloitre, 1998). Therefore, both alcohol use and SA history lead to impaired cognitive (i.e., decreased risk recognition) and behavioral (removal of oneself) responses when faced with a new threat of SA. Several studies have assessed deficits in risk perception among women under different alcohol conditions (e.g., Cue et al., 1996) or as a function of SA history (e.g., Soler-Baillo et al., 2005) by manipulating specific risk cues in written (e.g., Yeater et al., 2010) or audio-taped (e.g., Wilson et al., 1999) vignettes. These studies have found evidence to support reductions in risk perception at higher levels of alcohol consumption and among women with SA histories. While these modes of vignette delivery have been successful, they limit or are missing nonverbal and environmental cues that could signal risk for SA that are likely to be present in a real life situation. Video vignettes provide a mode in which nonverbal (e.g., facial expressions) and visual environmental cues (e.g., isolation), as well as verbal risk cues can be presented, thus allowing for a more realistic reflection of a SA situation and full assessment of potential risk cues. This R21 application proposes the development and validation of an innovative computerized, video vignette measure for use in assessing young women's perceptions of risk cues for SA. Multiple methods are proposed for developing and validating the vignettes (i.e., focus groups, expert panel feedback, and pilot testing with and without alcohol administration). The primary goal of developing the new measure is to capture all of the dimensions of risk perception so that we can more fully understand the mechanisms through which other factors, such as alcohol consumption and SA history, interfere with this perception to place women at greater risk for SA. A secondary goal of this R21 is to compare the newly developed video vignettes to written and audio versions of the same vignettes. In comparing the different modes of vignette administration, we hope to determine which mode is perceived most realistically and accurately for cue recognition. Future applications would involve development of unique prevention programs using the video measure as a training tool to improve women's risk perception to reduce SA risk. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed research aims to develop a new computerized video vignette measure to assess women's ability to perceive risks for sexual assault during heterosexual drinking situations. This measure improves upon existing written and audio-taped measures by including non-verbal risk cues that are missing in these other modes of vignette presentation, yet are important components in any social interaction that involves communication. Development and validation of this measure will occur through a rigorous multi-method process.

描述（由申请人提供）：大量饮酒和性侵犯史 (SA) 都与成人 SA 风险增加相关（例如，Testa & Parks，1996）。假设饮酒和 SA 病史会增加 SA 风险的一种机制是通过它们对女性在 SA 之前感知风险线索的能力产生影响。饮酒量较高时，女性可能无法识别（例如酒精近视）即将发生 SA 的风险提示，这可能导致无法从高风险情况中解脱出来（Norris 等，1996）。一些研究表明，抵抗 SA 的能力会随着饮酒量的增加而降低（Abbey 等，2002）。同样，由于先前的 SA 所造成的创伤，女性可能会经历情感失调（例如分离），这使她们在面临 SA 威胁时无法做出适当的反应（例如反应过度或反应不足），从而阻止她们保护自己（Cloitre，1998）。因此，当面对新的 SA 威胁时，饮酒和 SA 史都会导致认知（即风险识别能力下降）和行为（自我回避）反应受损。一些研究通过操纵书面（例如，Yeater 等人，2010）或录音带（例如，Wilson 等人，1999）小插图中的特定风险提示，评估了不同酒精条件下女性的风险感知缺陷（例如，Cue 等人，1996）或作为 SA 历史的函数（例如，Soler-Baillo 等人，2005）。这些研究发现证据支持饮酒量较高和有 SA 史的女性的风险认知会降低。虽然这些小插图传递模式很成功，但它们限制或缺失了非语言和环境线索，这些线索可能预示着现实生活中可能存在的 SA 风险。 视频片段提供了一种可以呈现非语言（例如面部表情）和视觉环境提示（例如隔离）以及语言风险提示的模式，从而可以更真实地反映 SA 情况并全面评估潜在风险提示。该 R21 应用建议开发和验证一种创新的计算机化视频小插曲测量方法，用于评估年轻女性对 SA 风险提示的看法。提出了多种方法来开发和验证小插图（即焦点小组、专家小组反馈以及有或没有饮酒的试点测试）。制定新措施的主要目标是捕获风险认知的所有维度，以便我们能够更全面地了解其他因素（例如饮酒和 SA 历史）干扰这种认知的机制，从而使女性面临更大的 SA 风险。 R21 的第二个目标是将新开发的视频片段与相同片段的书面和音频版本进行比较。在比较不同的小插图管理模式时，我们希望确定哪种模式对于提示识别来说是最真实、最准确的感知。未来的应用将涉及开发独特的预防计划，使用视频测量作为培训工具，以提高妇女的风险认知，从而降低 SA 风险。 公共健康相关性：拟议的研究旨在开发一种新的计算机化视频片段测量方法，以评估女性在异性饮酒情况下感知性侵犯风险的能力。这项措施改进了现有的书面和录音措施，纳入了其他小插图呈现模式中缺失的非语言风险提示，但它们是任何涉及沟通的社交互动的重要组成部分。该措施的开发和验证将通过严格的多方法过程进行。