Acute Alcohol Effects on Impulsivity and Risk for Drinking and Driving

急性酒精对冲动和酒后驾驶风险的影响

• 批准号: 8249519
• 负责人: DENIS M MCCARTHY
• 金额: $ 27.22万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI-COLUMBIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-04-15 至 2015-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8249519
• 关键词: Acute; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; Attitude; Automobile Driving; Back; Behavioral; Behavioral inhibition; Belief; Beverages; Cognition; Data; Decision Making; Education; Esthesia; High Prevalence; Impulsive Behavior; Impulsivity; Individual; Individual Differences; Informal Social Control; Intervention; Intoxication; Laboratories; Laboratory Study; Laws; Limb structure; Longitudinal Studies; Measures; Modeling; Participant; Personality Traits; Physiological; Policies; Predisposing Factor; Probability; Public Health; Questionnaires; Recording of previous events; Recruitment Activity; Reporting; Research; Research Design; Risk; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Role; Short-Term Memory; Testing; Time; TimeLine; Training; Vehicle crash; age group; alcohol effect; alcohol involvement; alcohol risk; base; behavior measurement; breath alcohol measurement; college; drinking; drinking behavior; driving behavior; experience; follow-up; improved; longitudinal course; minimum drinking age; public health relevance; sobriety; theories; trafficking; trait; treatment strategy; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Driving after consuming alcohol continues to be a major public health problem, particularly for young adults, who report the highest rates of drinking and driving. Although changes in policy (minimum legal drinking age; per se laws) have been successful in reducing drinking and driving, individual difference factors predispose certain people to drive after drinking. Research clearly demonstrates that impulsivity is one such individual difference factor. However, to date the influence of impulsivity on drinking and driving has primarily been examined using questionnaire measures of impulsive personality traits. No previous study has examined individual differences in acute alcohol effects on behavioral measures of impulsivity and their association with drinking and driving behavior. The proposed project will test a model of drinking and driving as influenced by the acute effect of alcohol on two impulsivity constructs: behavioral inhibition (i.e., the ability to inhibit/suppress behavior) and impulsive decision making (i.e., the ability to make decisions in accordance with time and probability contingencies). Participants will be drawn from an ongoing longitudinal study (PI: Kenneth Sher, R37 AA07231) based on the longitudinal course of their drinking and driving behavior. All participants will complete multiple behavioral measures of impulsivity in two laboratory sessions (alcohol, no beverage control), as well as a 3 month follow-up assessment of their drinking and driving behavior and risk variables specific to drinking and driving. The proposed project has three specific aims: 1) Test the association of sober and intoxicated impulsivity with engagement in and persistence of drinking and driving. 2) Test how the effect of alcohol on impulsivity is moderated by other risk factors for alcohol use. 3) Test the interaction between impulsivity and risk factors specific to drinking and driving in determining drinking and driving behavior. Results of the proposed project can advance drinking and driving theory, research, and intervention by delineating the role of intoxicated impulsivity in drinking and driving decisions. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed project is a laboratory study designed to test impulsivity following alcohol use and risk for drinking and driving. Greater impulsivity while intoxicated can increase the chance an individual would chose to drive, despite knowing the risks or even after experiencing negative consequences (e.g., arrest). Results of the project can help improve intervention and treatment strategies for drinking and driving, which may benefit from supplementing drinking and driving education with training to reduce impulsivity or increase self-regulation.

描述（由申请人提供）：饮酒后驾驶仍然是一个主要的公共卫生问题，特别是对于年轻人来说，他们的酒后驾驶率最高。尽管政策的变化（最低法定饮酒年龄；本身的法律）已成功减少酒后驾车，但个体差异因素使某些人容易酒后驾车。研究清楚地表明，冲动就是这样的个体差异因素之一。然而，迄今为止，冲动对酒后驾驶的影响主要是通过冲动人格特质的问卷调查来检验的。此前还没有研究探讨急性酒精对冲动行为测量的影响的个体差异及其与饮酒和驾驶行为的关系。拟议的项目将测试酒后驾驶模型，该模型受酒精对两种冲动结构的急性影响的影响：行为抑制（即抑制/压制行为的能力）和冲动决策（即根据时间和意外事件概率做出决策的能力）。参与者将从一项正在进行的纵向研究（PI：Kenneth Sher，R37 AA07231）中根据其酒后驾驶行为的纵向过程抽取。所有参与者将在两次实验室会议（酒精、无饮料控制）中完成多种冲动行为测量，以及对其酒后驾驶行为和特定于酒后驾驶的风险变量进行为期 3 个月的跟踪评估。拟议项目有三个具体目标：1）测试清醒和醉酒冲动与酒后驾驶和持续酒后驾驶之间的关系。 2) 测试其他饮酒风险因素如何调节酒精对冲动的影响。 3) 测试冲动性与酒后驾驶特定危险因素之间的相互作用，以确定酒后驾驶行为。该项目的结果可以通过描述酒后冲动在酒后驾驶决策中的作用来推进酒后驾驶理论、研究和干预。 公共健康相关性：拟议项目是一项实验室研究，旨在测试饮酒后的冲动性以及酒后驾驶的风险。尽管知道风险，甚至在经历负面后果（例如被捕）后，醉酒时的更大冲动会增加个人选择开车的机会。该项目的结果可以帮助改善酒后驾驶的干预和治疗策略，这可能会受益于通过减少冲动或增强自我调节的培训来补充酒后驾驶教育。